Polyomaviruses-associated respiratory infections in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children

Nunes, Marta C.; Kuschner, Zachary; Rabede, Zelda; Cutland, Clare; Madimabe, Richard; Kuwanda, Locadiah; Klugman, Keith P.; Adrian, Peter V.; Madhi, Shabir А.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.10.013

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Lastly, we detected a number of viruses not known to cause respiratory tract infections, including EBV, anelloviruses, HHV7, polyomaviruses, and papillomavirus. Their detection in the nasopharynx and/or oropharynx of asymptomatic children as well as CAP patients (in validation and test-negative groups) is consistent with previous reports [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Their detection demonstrates both the power of comprehensive pathogen detection but also the importance of using appropriate controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Viral Pathogen Detection by Metagenomics and Pan-Viral Group Polymerase Chain Reaction in Children With Pneumonia Lacking Identifiable Etiology

Salais

Queen

Simmon³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization. Pathogen identification fails in approximately 20% of children but is critical for optimal treatment and prevention of hospital-acquired infections. We used two broad-spectrum detection strategies to identify pathogens in test-negative children with CAP and asymptomatic controls. Methods Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs from 70 children <5 years with CAP of unknown etiology and 90 asymptomatic controls were tested by next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) and pan viral group (PVG) PCR for 19 viral families. Association of viruses with CAP was assessed by adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals controlling for season and age group. Results RNA-seq/PVG PCR detected previously missed, putative pathogens in 34% of patients. Putative viral pathogens included human parainfluenza virus 4 (aOR 9.3, P = .12), human bocavirus (aOR 9.1, P < .01), Coxsackieviruses (aOR 5.1, P = .09), rhinovirus A (aOR 3.5, P = .34), and rhinovirus C (aOR 2.9, P = .57). RNA-seq was more sensitive for RNA viruses whereas PVG PCR detected more DNA viruses. Conclusions RNA-seq and PVG PCR identified additional viruses, some known to be pathogenic, in NP/OP specimens from one-third of children hospitalized with CAP without a previously identified etiology. Both broad-range methods could be useful tools in future epidemiologic and diagnostic studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Viral Pathogen Detection by Metagenomics and Pan-Viral Group Polymerase Chain Reaction in Children With Pneumonia Lacking Identifiable Etiology

Salais

Queen

Simmon³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…For example, a primary influenza virus infection, including possibly subclinical or mild infection, may increase susceptibility to new bacterial nasopharyngeal acquisition, as well as increase density of present colonizing bacteria, with disease from these bacteria only manifesting a few weeks later and beyond when influenza virus shedding has cased [ 3 , 23 ]. This hypothesis is corroborated by a previous report from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in which was shown that by protecting against pneumococcal disease, there was also a decrease in hospitalizations for influenza, RSV, human metapneumovirus, and polyomavirus-associated ALRI [ 24–26 ]. The current data suggest that protecting against these virus-associated infections could conversely protect against bacterial infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Efficacy of Maternal Influenza Vaccination Against All-Cause Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Hospitalizations in Young Infants: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nunes

Cutland

Jones

et al. 2017

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…This study continues the trend toward detailed clinical reporting surrounding polyomavirus infections to produce more insightful knowledge regarding the association between these viruses and human disease as started by several groups ( 7 , 17 , 22 , 23 ). In their study, Rao et al studied a much larger pediatric cohort and suggested a pathogenic role for KI virus based on the association between viral load and reported disease severity in Filipino patients with lower respiratory tract disease, but reported no such association with WU ( 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Prevalence of Respiratory Polyomaviruses Among Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Symptoms in Singapore

et al. 2018

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Background: Although WU polyomavirus (WU) and KI polyomavirus (KI) have been demonstrated to infect the human respiratory tract, it remains unclear if WU or KI cause human disease. We sought to further investigate the relationship between WU and KI infection and respiratory disease in a pediatric population with respiratory symptoms in Singapore.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms in a Singaporean pediatrics hospital. Upon consent, residual respiratory samples from pediatric inpatients, previously screened for common respiratory viruses, were collected and further screened for WU and KI using qPCR. The amplicons of positive samples were sequenced for confirmation. The severity of a patient's illness was assessed by chart review post-discharge looking for clinical markers of respiratory status such as presenting symptoms, diagnoses, and interventions.Results: From December 2016 to April 2017, 201 patients with residual respiratory samples were enrolled in the study. The average age of all participants recruited was 45 months. WU and KI were detected in 13% (26/201) and 3% (6/201) of patients, respectively. Conducting bivariate and multivariate modeling, patients with WU or KI positivity were not at increased risk of SARI, need for additional oxygen, intravenous fluids, and did not receive additional oral antibiotics or bronchodilators during admission. In contrast, patients with RSV detections were at increased risk of requiring supplemental oxygen during hospital admission.Conclusion: While limited in sample size, our pilot study data do not support the hypothesis that molecular evidence of WU or KI was associated with increased morbidity among a sample of general, pediatric patients with respiratory illness in Singapore.

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Polyomaviruses-associated respiratory infections in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children

Abstract: Polyomaviruses were commonly identified in HIV-infected and -uninfected children hospitalized for LRTIs, frequently in association with other viruses and may contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Viral Pathogen Detection by Metagenomics and Pan-Viral Group Polymerase Chain Reaction in Children With Pneumonia Lacking Identifiable Etiology

Viral Pathogen Detection by Metagenomics and Pan-Viral Group Polymerase Chain Reaction in Children With Pneumonia Lacking Identifiable Etiology

Efficacy of Maternal Influenza Vaccination Against All-Cause Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Hospitalizations in Young Infants: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevalence of Respiratory Polyomaviruses Among Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Symptoms in Singapore

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