Polyolefins, a Success Story

Sauter, Dominique W.; Taoufik, Mostafa; Boisson, Christophe

doi:10.3390/polym9060185

Cited by 165 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…The achievement of the best characteristics of chemical product by the use of efficient knowledge-intensive technologies is the most productive avenue for achieving real development goals in the modern chemical industry. The Ziegler-Natta polymerization of α-olefins [1][2][3][4][5] is an excellent example of such technologies that provides humanity with~2 × 10 8 tons of plastics per year. Ethylene and propylene are raw materials for the modern polyolefin industry; thousands of articles and hundreds of reviews are devoted to the coordination homopolymerization and copolymerization of these monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins

Nifant’ev

Ivchenko

2020

Polymers

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Coordination catalysis is a highly efficient alternative to more traditional acid catalysis in the oligomerization of α-olefins. The distinct advantage of transition metal-based catalysts is the structural homogeneity of the oligomers. Given the great diversity of the catalysts and option of varying the reaction conditions, a wide spectrum of processes can be implemented. In recent years, both methylenealkanes (vinylidene dimers of α-olefins) and structurally uniform oligomers with the desired degrees of polymerization have become available for later use in the synthesis of amphiphilic organic compounds and polymers, high-quality oils or lubricants, and other prospective materials. In the present review, we discussed the selective dimerization and oligomerization of α-olefins, catalyzed by metallocene and post-metallocene complexes, and explored the prospects for the further applications of the coordination α-olefin dimers and oligomers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-methyleneundecane derivatives and their prospective applications. Reprinted with permission from[41].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins

Nifant’ev

Ivchenko

2020

Polymers

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“…Polyolefins are the most widely used and versatile commodity polymers, and their properties vary from plastic to elastomer [1][2][3][4]. Since the discovery of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for olefin polymerization in the 1950s, the production of polyolefins with various chain microstructures and properties has continuously grown with rapid development of catalyst technology combined with polymerization process innovation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughened High-Flow Polypropylene with Polyolefin-Based Elastomers

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Polyolefin is the most widely used and versatile commodity polymer. In this work, three types of polyolefin-based elastomers (PBEs) were adopted to toughen a high-flow polypropylene to improve its overall performance. The chain microstructures of these PBEs, including ethylene/1-octene (E/O) random copolymer from Dow Chemical s polyolefin elastomer (POE), olefin block copolymers (OBCs) of E/O from Dow, and ethylene/propylene random copolymer from ExxonMobil's propylene-based elastomer, were elucidated by GPC, 13 C NMR, TREF, and DSC techniques. The mechanical, thermal and optical properties, and morphology analysis of the PP/PBE blends were also studied to investigate the toughening mechanism of these PBEs. The results showed that all three types of PBEs can effectively improve the Izod impact strength of the PP/PBE blends by the addition of the rubber compositions, at the cost of the stiffness. PBE-1 and PBE-2 were found to have a great stiffness-toughness balance with about 1700 MPa of flexural modulus, about 110 • C of HDT and 3.6 kJ/m 2 of impact strength on the prepared PP/PBE blends by forming separated rubber phase and refined spherulite crystals. As a result, the OBC with alternating hard and soft segments could achieve a similar toughening effect as the E/P random copolymer. Surprisingly, no obvious rubber phase separation was observed in the PP/PBE-4 blend, which might be due to the good compatibility of the E/P random chains with the isotactic PP; therefore, the PP/PBE blend obtains great toughness performance and optical transparency with the highest Izod impact strength of 4.2 kJ/m 2 and excellent transparency. 22 million tons. Due to rapid market expansion of takeout for dining box and automobile industries in China, the high-flow homo polypropylene market has also witnessed a dramatic increase to about above 600 kilotons annually in the recent few years.Although the high-flow homo polypropylene with high melting index (typically above 50 g/10 min) and good processability possesses high flexural modulus, the impact strength is relatively low compared to the ethylene/propylene copolymer and easily suffers from brittle fracture [22]. In order to solve this problem, two approaches are typically adopted to improve the overall performance of the polymer. One alternative is to introduce an extra operation line for the incorporation of a small amount of ethylene into the isotactic chain in the PP production facility, and the other method is to make post-modifications of the high-flow polypropylene by blending elastomer with PP, and glass fibers for automobiles [23][24][25].The Polyolefin-based elastomers (PBEs) have received considerable attention because of their low density, recycling potential, better chemical resistance, processing advantages, and good resilience without permanent deformation. Unlike rubber, they do not require vulcanization. In addition, the low cost together with the wide availability of ethylene, propylene and α-olefin monomers makes the polyolefin-based elastomers more desirable. T...

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“…The production of ethene/α-olefin copolymers is one of the largest-scale processes of the chemical industry [1,2]. Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), obtained by the copolymerization of ethene with α-olefins like 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, is one of the most representative examples of this class of copolymers, finding broad applications in the packaging industry [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating Electronic from Steric Effects in Ethene/α-Olefin Copolymerization: A Case Study on Octahedral [ONNO] Zr-Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Four Cl/Me substituted [ONNO] Zr-catalysts have been tested in ethene/α-olefin polymerization. Replacing electron-donating methyl with isosteric but electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents results in a significant increase of comonomer incorporation. Exploration of steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand by DFT confirm that relative reactivity ratios are mainly determined by the electrophilicity of the metal center. Furthermore, quantitative DFT modeling of propagation barriers that determine polymerization kinetics reveals that electronic effects observed in these catalysts affect relative barriers for insertion and a capture-like transition state (TS).

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Polyolefins, a Success Story

Cited by 165 publications

References 125 publications

Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins

Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins

Toughened High-Flow Polypropylene with Polyolefin-Based Elastomers

Separating Electronic from Steric Effects in Ethene/α-Olefin Copolymerization: A Case Study on Octahedral [ONNO] Zr-Catalysts

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