Polyolefin/graphene nanocomposites: a review

Tripathi, Sandeep Nath; Rao, G. S. Srinivasa; Mathur, A. B.; Jasra, Rakshvir

doi:10.1039/c6ra28392f

Cited by 138 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…However, it could be associated with the existence of a multi-step percolation behavior where a tunneling mechanism dominates the current flow between the conductive particles [46,55]. Most importantly, the percolation threshold reported in this study is significantly lower than those reported previously for polypropylene [40,41,56] using melt mixing methods [27] and other similar polymers [57]. An overview of the reported electrical percolation values for a number of different polypropylene/graphene systems prepared with various melt mixing protocols is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold

et al. 2019

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Graphene-based materials are a family of carbonaceous structures that can be produced using a variety of processes either from graphite or other precursors. These materials are typically a few layered sheets of graphene in the form of platelets and maintain some of the properties of pristine graphene (such as two-dimensional platelet shape, aspect ratio, and graphitic bonding). In this work we present melt mixed graphene-based polypropylene systems with significantly reduced percolation threshold. Traditionally melt-mixed systems suffer from poor dispersion that leads to high electrical percolation values. In contrast in our work, graphene was added into an isotactic polypropylene matrix, achieving an electrical percolation threshold of~1 wt.%. This indicates that the filler dispersion process has been highly efficient, something that leads to the suppression of the β phase that have a strong influence on the crystallization behavior and subsequent thermal and mechanical performance. The electrical percolation values obtained are comparable with reported solution mixed systems, despite the use of simple melt mixing protocols and the lack of any pre or post-treatment of the final compositions. The latter is of particular importance as the preparation method used in this work is industrially relevant and is readily scalable.

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Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold

et al. 2019

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“…Different conductive particles have been investigated as fillers for these composites such as metallic particles and carbon based particles including carbon fibers, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, exfoliated graphite and graphene [3][4][5][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In particular, graphene gained increasing interest recently, to be used as an effective filler in polymer composites to enhance their electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, due to its outstanding intrinsic properties, low density and very attractive geometry, i.e., high aspect ratio, high effective surface area and plate-like geometry [10,12,[17][18][19]. However, one of the current challenges is the production of cost-effective graphene nanoplatelets at a large industrial scale This is the author's peer reviewed, accepted manuscript.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be achieved either by using special processing techniques, functionalization of the polymer matrix or the particles, and/or selection of a multiphase polymer matrix as a template for controlled dispersion [11,12,[20][21][22][23]. As far as the two first options are concerned, versatile and successful techniques leading to low and even ultra-low values of percolation threshold have been reported in literature [5,11,19,[24][25][26][27]. However, the involved processing methods and chemical modifications are often complex and not scalable while the use of industrial techniques is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between morphology, rheological behavior, and electrical behavior of conductive cocontinuous LLDPE/EVA blends containing commercial graphene nanoplatelets

Helal

Kurusu

Moghimian

et al. 2019

Journal of Rheology

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In this work, co-continuous blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) containing graphene (GN) have been studied. Although mass-produced GN grade prepared by mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite and a facile melt compounding technique were adopted, it was possible to lower the electrical percolation threshold significantly by controlling the localization of GN nanoplatelets in the blend and by applying an appropriate thermal annealing procedure. The electrical and rheological properties of the obtained nanocomposites were systematically investigated to get an insight on the composite morphology. During annealing, an alignment between time-dependent behaviors of viscoelastic moduli and electrical conductivity was observed. An increase of both quantities and a simultaneous coarsening of the blend's morphologies occurred during the first 30 minutes of annealing followed by a more stable behavior. This rise was attributed to the diffusion and flocculation of GN nanoplatelets and their migration to the interface. Furthermore, the electrical and rheological percolation threshold concentrations were evaluated using a scaling Power law. The electrical percolation threshold was reduced to 0.5 vol% upon thermal annealing and was close to the rheological percolation threshold. Finally, the viscoelastic response of the composites was well described by a two-phase model, indicating that the effect of the relaxation dynamics of the interfacial network does not depend on the blend's morphology, even though the latter affects the space arrangement of GN and consequently the strength of the formed network.

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“…This is evident from the large number of research publications. Graphene-based nanocomposites have been prepared with a number of polymer matrices including polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) [5,13], poly ethylene (PE) [4,14], poly propylene(PP) [15], poly styrene (PS) [16], polyamide [17], poly urethane (PU) [18], poly imide (PI) [11,19], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [20,21], poly carbonate(PC) [22], elastomers [23,24], and so forth. Most of these composites have been made by solution mixing and casting method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticized PVC graphene nanocomposites: Morphology, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties

Akhina

Nair

Kalarikkal

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Improving the properties of polyvinyl chloride matrix by the incorporation of carbonaceous filler by melt mixing is an unusual thought in the polymer research. Here we incorporated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a filler into plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PPVC) matrix by melt mixing, an eco‐friendly method. The effect of addition of filler in the morphology of the PPVC nanocomposites was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical response of the nanocomposites to an applied stress was studied. A 50% improvement in mechanical properties was obtained at a low filler loading. A decrease in elongation was observed at higher RGO loading. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the nanocomposites indicated an increase in glass transition temperature of the PVC up on the addition of RGO. This has confirmed the confinement of PVC chains at the graphene surface. As a result, the storage modulus of the nanocomposites showed an increase up on the addition of the nanofiller. Theoretical values of the storage modulus were calculated using various theoretical equations. The effectiveness of filler on the storage modulus is estimated and is found to be consistent with the results obtained experimentally. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E104–E113, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Polyolefin/graphene nanocomposites: a review

Cited by 138 publications

References 113 publications

Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold

Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold

Correlation between morphology, rheological behavior, and electrical behavior of conductive cocontinuous LLDPE/EVA blends containing commercial graphene nanoplatelets

Plasticized PVC graphene nanocomposites: Morphology, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties

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