Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks

Hausnerová, Berenika; Kuřitka, Ivo; Bleyan, Davit

doi:10.3390/molecules19032748

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Basically, in the case of mixing it is given by (14) where ΔH M and ΔS M are the enthalpy and entropy of mixing, respectively. In binary polymer mixtures, it is convenient to use the Flory and Huggins expression for the Gibbs free energy of mixing per mole of lattice sites…”

Section: Fig 3 Heat Of Mixing H M /(N X + N Z ) Vs Molar Fraction mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in this work, the interactions between AW and PEG are examined and compared to those employed in our novel powder feedstock [14] based on CW/PEG in order to investigate whether the approach of low molecular weight analogues treated with combined FTIR/calorimetry is able to intercept the slight differences in behaviour viewed by other techniques currently used (rheometry and thermogravimetry). Table 1 shows the low molecular weight analogues of AW, CW and PEG used in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous research, polar waxes were exploited as binder system components applicable to the PIM process [14] to substitute nonpolar PE and PW with the aim of eliminating the necessity to use processing aid, e.g., stearic acid (SA), in order to achieve the adhesion of the binder to the powder required to withstand high shear forces during injection moulding. Similarly to the most recent work by Liu et al [15], who substituted paraffin wax with bee wax for the production of micro-injection moulding gears from zirconia, better feedstock stability has been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to the most recent work by Liu et al [15], who substituted paraffin wax with bee wax for the production of micro-injection moulding gears from zirconia, better feedstock stability has been achieved. However, with such novel binders, an understanding of core mechanisms of interactions between the individual system components would allow a precisely-balanced composition, bringing the feedstock properties to their higher limits (e.g., substantially lowering the processing temperatures in the case of substitution of PE by carnauba wax (CW) or acrawax(AW)) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of powder injection moulding binders: A quantification of individual components' interactions

2015

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The study of interactions between binder system components is critical for improving the processing properties of powder injection moulding (PIM) feedstocks. In this paper the interactions between acrawax (AW) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were analysed and compared with those obtained for carnauba wax (CW). Due to the complexity of interaction mechanisms, the polymers were substituted with their basic low molecular weight analogues and analysed by FTIR and calorimetry. Self-interaction energies and association energies were determined using calorimetric analysis. Shifts of FTIR absorption peaks (C-O stretch and N-H stretch) served as evidence of the presence of interactions between the components. The calorimetric study of AW/PEG analogues showed a temperature increase during mixing, indicating the presence of strong interactions. The combined data from FTIR and calorimetry allowed a quantitative evaluation, which indicated about two times stronger interactions between AW (with C=O and N-H groups) and PEG (with C-O and -OH groups), as compared to CW (with C=O and C-O groups) and PEG analogues.

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Section: Fig 3 Heat Of Mixing H M /(N X + N Z ) Vs Molar Fraction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of powder injection moulding binders: A quantification of individual components' interactions

2015

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“…Consequently, an extrusion for the binder must take place, without the distortion or pollution of the compact, prior to the sintering process [6]. This removal, which is called debinding, could be done using treatments by chemicals (solvents) and thermal routes [9][10]. Subsequently, a sintering process is done for the porous products to a density near the theoretical required one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of different alloys during thermal debind-ing of powder injection molded parts

El-Garaihy

Nassef

El-Hadek

2016

IJET

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Powder injection molding (PIM) is an interesting technique and address of research, in which a thermoplastic polymeric material is used to form the powder into the desired shape in a closed die. Binders have a crucial importance in the powder metallurgy technology as they play a vital role to provide efficient powder agglomeration and/or lubrication during shaping. At the same time, they have to be easily removed from the compacts during initial stages of sintering, using debinding process, without any damaging effect for the base material. Thermal debinding is a vital process requiring somewhat elevated temperatures to remove binder from the compact. In the current study, an investigation has been made about the effect of process variables on the debinding of injection molded pieces, by melt wicking. The debinding process was performed at temperatures ranging from 160-up to-200°C for a time duration varying from 1-up to-27 hours. All powders used in injection molding feedstock have an inherent packing porosity. Several types of alloy powders (Carbonyl iron steel, Nickel aluminide, and 316L stainless powders), with various size distributions, particle shapes, and materials are adopted to define the influence on binder incorporation resulted from this inherent porosity. Results revealed that the increase of debinding time or decrease in the wicking powder (alumina) particle size lead to an increase in the thickness of the adhered layer of alumina. When the wicking powder is very fine (0.3 m) or has a wide particle size range (<10 m), it becomes more dense and its debinding efficiency is decreased. At high debinding temperatures (200 °C) the rate of binder evaporation and removal increased, which leads to decreasing the cohesion of the samples yielding a shape distortion. In addition, the effect of the wicking powder (Al 2 O 3 ) sizes and debinding time on the binder weight loss percentage after debinding process for FeOX, Ni 3 Al, and 316L has been investigated.

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Effect of carnauba wax as a part of feedstock on the mechanical behavior of a part made of 4605 low alloy steel powder using metal injection molding

Momeni

Alaei

Askari

et al. 2019

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Metal injection molding is a growing technology for producing complex metallic components. Preparation of feedstock for metal injection molding is a very crucial step during this process. This is because the deficiencies in quality of the feedstock once made, cannot be corrected by subsequent processing steps. One of the challenges in producing the feedstock is its formulation. In this study, the effect of the percentage of carnauba wax along with other binder constituents of paraffin wax, polypropylene and stearic acid is investigated on the density, strength, hardness and rheological behavior of a part, made of 4605 low alloy steel powder using metal injection molding process. For this reason, six binder systems including paraffin wax, polypropylene and stearic acid having different percentages of carnauba wax have been produced. After preparation of the samples, tensile testing, Vickers hardness test, density and rheological behavior of the samples have been measured and compared. The results show that carnauba wax as a part of feedstock, has a positive effect on the strength and density while negative effect on the hardness of the final sintered part. Also with the increase in the percentage of the carnauba wax inside the polymer binder, the viscosity of the feedstock was reduced significantly.

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Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

The development of powder injection moulding binders: A quantification of individual components' interactions

The development of powder injection moulding binders: A quantification of individual components' interactions

Comparative study of different alloys during thermal debind-ing of powder injection molded parts

Effect of carnauba wax as a part of feedstock on the mechanical behavior of a part made of 4605 low alloy steel powder using metal injection molding

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