Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanowires: An Extensive Parametric Study

Abstract

Silver nanowires have been synthesized by a polyol process. A detailed parametric study determining the relationship between final morphology of the products and temperature, injection rate, molar ratio of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to silver nitrate, sodium chloride amount, and stirring rate is presented. The as-synthesized silver nanowires are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dependency of nanowire morphology and aspect ratio on synthesis parameters is shown via SEM images. Furthermore, the nanowire diameter is found to decrease with stirring rate, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to silver nitrate molar ratio, and temperature and to increase with injection rate. The lack of sodium chloride and its presence in excess amounts resulted in the formation of particles with different sizes in addition to nanowires. In addition, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to silver nitrate molar ratio is found to affect the morphology of the resulting nanostructure, leading to formation of particles at high and low ends. The results reported in this paper provide a basis for optimizing silver nanowire growth through the self-seeding polyol method.

Silicon nanowire network metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

“…53 In a typical experiment, 0.45M of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (MW ¼ 55 000) and 7 mg of sodium chloride (NaCl) (99.5%) were dissolved in 10 ml ethylene glycol (EG) and heated to 170 C in a silicon oil bath. In the meantime, a 0.12M AgNO 3 (99.5%) solution in 5 ml of EG was prepared and added drop-wise into the PVP solution by a syringe pump at a rate of 5 ml/h.…”

Chloride ion addition for controlling shapes and properties of silver nanorods capped by polyvinyl alcohol synthesized using polyol method

“…The chloride ion used for stabilizing the growth process of the silver nanoparticles from aggregation and it can growth into AgNRs through Oswalt ripening [10]. The addition amount of chloride ions can also inhibit the formation of nitrate acid (HNO 3 ) during the synthesis process.…”

“…Synthesis of silver nanowires (AgNWs) is often performed using ethylene glycol as a solvent and a reducing agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent and stabilizer, and platinum chloride (PtCl 2 ) as diameter controller of AgNWs. Moreover, it is usually carried out at a temperature of 160 °C [3][4][5][6].…”

“…Such conditions lead to the AgNWs formation become more stable and uniform. However, there are several problems related to the addition of salt precursors, such as the volume and concentration of precursor salt should not be optimized [8][9][10]. As polymer matrix, PVP acts as a reducing and capping agent for some metal nanoparticles or nanorods [11].…”

Temperature and amino acid-assisted size- and morphology-controlled photochemical synthesis of silver decahedral nanoparticles

“…Many reports have proposed the use of temperature for controlling the size and morphology of silver nanoparticles in one-or two-step processes, and nanocubes, nanoplates and nanoprisms are some of the most common morphologies obtained [2,24,[33][34][35][36]. Only a small amount of work has been performed using temperature and irradiation simultaneously to control the size and morphology of silver decahedrons.…”