Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in an agricultural soil: Long-term changes in profile distribution

Jones, Kevin C.; Stratford, Jennifer A.; Tidridge, P.; Waterhouse, Keith S.; Johnston, Atholl

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(89)90079-1

Cited by 123 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although information pertaining to contents of organic pollutants in sewage sludge is limited both in terms of the number of surveys conducted and number of samples analyzed, it is of value here to compare the results of the present survey with those of previous studies carried out in China and elsewhere. In general, B[a]P contents in the sludge samples from the Yangtze River Delta area were lower than those in the sludge samples in Canada (4.0-7.6 mg kg −1 , Webber and Lesage, 1989), Germany (0.1-15.0 mg kg −1 , Jones et al, 1989), the USA (0.7-25.0 mg kg −1 , Naylor and Loehr, 1982), and Britain (0.2-2.0 mg kg −1 , Wild and Jones, 1992), and similar to those in Switzerland (non-detectable-1.4 mg kg −1 , Frost et al, 1993). In most of the sludge samples from this study, B[a]P contents were lower than those in sludge samples from the other Chinese cities except Shenzhen (0.050 mg kg −1 ), Xi'an (0.063 mg kg −1 ), Lanzhou (0.049 mg kg −1 ), Dapu (0.007 mg kg −1 ), and Shatian (0.033 mg kg −1 ) (Mo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Comparison Of B[a]p and Pa In Sludge Of This Study With Thosmentioning

confidence: 84%

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

et al. 2009

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Section: Comparison Of B[a]p and Pa In Sludge Of This Study With Thosmentioning

confidence: 84%

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

et al. 2009

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“…Jones et al (1989) found that PAH leaching rates were strongly influenced by the existence of DOC mediated or particle associated transport and Petruzelli et al (2002) have identified the different roles played by humic and fulvic acids in controlling the vertical leaching of PAHs with the former enhancing retention whereas fulvic acids favoured an increase in PAH mobility. For the PAHs recovered at levels greater than 50% (i.e.…”

Section: Soil Depth Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

Revitt

Balogh

Jones

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted from a variety of sources and can accumulate on and within surface soil layers. To investigate the level of potential risk posed by surface contaminated soils, vertical soil column experiments were conducted to assess the mobility, when leached with simulated rainwater, of six selected PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene) with contrasting hydrophobic characteristics and molecular weights/sizes. The only PAH found in the leachate within the experimental period of 26 days was naphthalene. The lack of migration of the other applied PAHs were consistent with their low mobilities within the soil columns which generally parallelled their log K oc values. Thus only 2.3% of fluoranthene, 1.8% of pyrene, 0.2% of benzo(e)pyrene and 0.4% of benzo(ghi)perylene were translocated below the surface layer. The PAH distributions in the soil columns followed decreasing power relationships with 90% reductions in the starting levels being shown to occur within a maximum average depth of 0.94 cm compared to an average starting depth of 0.5 cm. A simple predictive model identifies the extensive time periods, in excess of 10 years, required to mobilise 50% of the benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene from the surface soil layer. Although this reduces to between 2 and 7 years for fluoranthene and pyrene, it is concluded that the possibility of surface applied PAHs reaching and contaminating a groundwater aquifer is unlikely.

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“…15,19 Oleszczuk and Baran 19 investigated during three years the PAH absorption by Salix viminalis and concluded that the residue concentrations found in leaves and stems were associated with the PAH content of SS added to the soil as fertilizers. The continuous PAH accumulation in soils as a consequence of the various human activities 15,20 is also a matter of great concern and represents risk of plant contamination. 19,21 Many PAHs were found in SS samples obtained from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Brazilian cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

Paraíba¹,

Queiroz²,

Souza³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho investigou a presença de 16 hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em lodo de esgoto e em solo com aplicação de lodo como fertilizante agrícola e simulou o risco de contaminação por HPAs a longo prazo. As amostras foram extraídas usando diclorometano e em seguida com n-hexano em banho ultrassônico. A limpeza do extrato foi feita em coluna de alumina. As quantificações dos HPAs foram obtidas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS/MS ion trap). Os resultados evidenciaram que HPAs encontrados em lodos de esgoto podem apresentar risco de contaminação de solos. As simulações das concentrações dos HPAs no solo por meio de modelos matemáticos foram utilizadas para indicar uma ordem de prioridade para monitoramento da qualidade do solo: fenantreno > criseno > benzo(k)fluoranteno > benzo(a)pireno > pireno > benzo(b)fluoranteno > benzo(g,h,i)perileno > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pireno > fluoranteno > benzo(a)antraceno > dibenzo(a,h)antraceno > fluoreno > antraceno > naftaleno > acenafteno > acenaftileno.This work investigated the presence of PAH in sewage sludge and in soil with sewage sludge applied as agricultural fertilizer and simulated a long-term risk of soil contamination by PAH. The samples were extracted using dichloromethane and then with n-hexane in ultrasonic bath. The clean-up of the extract was done on a column containing alumina. The residual PAH were obtained using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (ion trap GC-MS/MS). The results evidenced that PAH concentration levels found in sewage sludge might raise potential contamination risks to the soil. Simulations of the concentrations of PAHs in soil, by mathematical modeling, allowed to indicate a priority order for monitoring soil quality in terms of these contaminants: phenanthrene > chrysene > benzo(k)fluoranthene > benzo(a)pyrene > pyrene > benzo(b)fluoranthene > benzo(g,h,i)perylene > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)-anthracene > dibenzo(a,h)anthracene > fluorene > anthracene > naphthalene > acenaphthene > acenaphthylene. Keywords: sewage sludge, PAH, biosolid, ion trap GC-MS/MS, soil contamination IntroductionPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of non-polar hydrophobic organic compounds comprised of two or more fused aromatic rings.Due to their toxic, mutagenic, estrogenic, and/or carcinogenic properties, sixteen PAH compounds have been identified as pollutants by the US-EPA 1 and seven of them are considered carcinogenic. 2 For this reason, these organic pollutants are considered the most toxic to aquatic and terrestrial life and of high priority in environmental studies: acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d) Paraíba et al. 1157 Vol. 22, No. 6, 2011 grilled followed by flame-gas and oven grilled dishes. Kulhánek et al. 7 used models, statistical regressions and the PAH bioc...

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Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in an agricultural soil: Long-term changes in profile distribution

Cited by 123 publications

References 22 publications

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

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