Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration and Mutagenicity of Airborne Particles in Urban Air: Comparison of Tokyo Area and Santiago.

Koyano, Michiko; Endō, Osamu; Katoh, Masaya; Valdivia, R.; Marileo, M. Ilabaca; Morita, Keijiro; Goto, Sumio; Matsushita, Hidetsuru

doi:10.1248/jhs.48.256

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The concentration of PAHs and the mutagenicity of airborne particles in Santiago have been investigated and compared with those in Tokyo. 66 Ochoa and Roberts 67 reported the estimated cancer risks posed by exposure to suspended PM in Santiago. Ilabaca et al 68 investigated the association between PM 2.5 and hospital visits for pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses among children.…”

Section: Adverse Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Molina

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

674

372

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About half of the world's population now lives in urban areas because of the opportunity for a better quality of life. Many of these urban centers are expanding rapidly, leading to the growth of megacities, which are defined as metropolitan areas with populations exceeding 10 million inhabitants. These concentrations of people and activity are exerting increasing stress on the natural environment, with impacts at urban, regional and global levels. In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most important problems of megacities. Initially, the main air pollutants of concern were sulfur compounds, which were generated mostly by burning coal. Today, photochemical smog-induced primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents-has become the main source of concern for air quality, while sulfur is still a major problem in many cities of the developing world. Air pollution has serious impacts on public health, causes urban and regional haze, and has the potential to contribute significantly to climate change. Yet, with appropriate planning, megacities can efficiently address their air quality problems through measures such as application of new emission control technologies and development of mass transit systems.This review is focused on nine urban centers, chosen as case studies to assess air quality from distinct perspectives: from cities in the industrialized nations to cities in the developing world. While each city-its problems, resources, and outlook-is unique, the need for a holistic approach to the complex environmental problems is the same. There is no single strategy in reducing air pollution in megacities; a mix of policy measures will be needed to improve air quality. Experience shows that strong political will coupled with public dialog is essential to effectively implement the regulations required to address air quality problems.

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Section: Adverse Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Molina

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

674

372

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration of PAHs and the mutagenicity of airborne particles in Santiago have been investigated and compared with those in Tokyo. 107 Ochoa and Roberts 108 reported the estimated cancer risks posed by exposure to suspended PM in Santiago. Ilabaca et al 109 investigated the association between PM 2.5 and hospital visits for pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses among children.…”

Section: Molina Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality in Selected Megacities

Molina

Slott

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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About half of the world's population now lives in urban areas because of the opportunity for a better quality of life. Many of these urban centers are expanding rapidly, leading to the growth of megacities, which are often defined as metropolitan areas with populations exceeding 10 million inhabitants. These concentrations of people and activity are exerting increasing stress on the natural environment, with impacts at urban, regional and global levels. In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most important problems of megacities. Initially, the main air pollutants of concern were sulfur compounds, which were generated mostly by burning coal. Today, photochemical smog-induced primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents-has become the main source of concern for air quality, while sulfur is still a major problem in many cities of the developing world. Air pollution has serious impacts on public health, causes urban and regional haze, and has the potential to contribute significantly to global climate change. Yet, with appropriate planning megacities can efficiently address their air quality problems through measures such as application of new emission control technologies and development of mass transit systems. This review is focused on nine urban centers, chosen as case studies to assess air quality from distinct perspectives: from cities in the industrialized nations to cities in the developing world. This review considers not only megacities, but also urban centers with somewhat smaller populations, for while each city-its problems, resources, and outlook-is unique, the need for a holistic approach to complex environmental problems is the same. There is no single strategy to reduce air pollution in megacities; a mix of policy measures will be needed to improve air quality. Experience shows that strong political will coupled with public dialogue is essential to effectively implement the regulations required to address air quality.

show abstract