Polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 genes in diabetes and macroangiopathy

Abstract

These results indicate that the ACE DD genotype and its interaction with the PAI-1 4G4G genotype are independent risk factors for macroangiopathy, but not for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM patients, and that the genotyping of PAI-1 and ACE polymorphisms, especially in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy, may be useful for predicting and preventing macroangiopathy-related events.

4 G/4 G polymorphism ofplasminogen activator inhibitor-1 geneincreases the risk of diabetic nephropathy

“…Ten studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of meta-analysis, which contained 1366 cases and 1888 controls. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] All the studies were case-control studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Among these studies, three were from the Europe, 8,9,11 and seven 7,10,[12][13][14][15][16] were from Asian countries.…”

“…The ethnicities included East Asians 7,10,12-16 and Caucasians. 8,9,11 Three studies reported the results in Type-1 DM, 8,9,11 while the rest seven studies 7,10,[12][13][14][15][16] in Type-2 DM. The characteristics of each study included were shown in Table 1.…”

“…All the studies were in HWE. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Quantitative data synthesis Results of pooled analyses are summarized in detail in Table 3. …”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In the overall study populations, the primary results found that 4 G/4 G and 4 G alleles were risk factors for developing DN. In the results of subgroup analysis, signiEcant associations about 4 G/4 G variant, 4 G allele and DN risk were found among East Asians.…”

“…A guanosine nucleotide deletion/insertion at À675 bp of the PAI-1 promoter leads to the 4 G/5 G polymorphism which increases PAI-1 expression or activity without changing the t. 6 The association between the risk of DN and the 4 G/5 G variants has been reported by several studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, there are inconsistencies among the results.…”