Polymorphisms in the ABO blood group gene in three populations in the New Georgia group of the Solomon Islands

Ohashi, Jun; Naka, Izumi; Kimura, Ryosuke; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Yamauchi, Taro; Furusawa, Taiji; Yamamoto, Rain; Nakazawa, Minato; Ishida, Takafumi; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro

doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0375-8

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our previous studies on the ABO gene and mtDNA polymorphisms suggested that an extensive gene flow occurred from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians (Ohashi et al, 2004(Ohashi et al, , 2006b. Thus, a rapid expansion of Polynesian ancestors along the northern coast of New Guinea to Polynesia with negligible admixture with indigenous Melanesians, as hypothesized in the 'express train' model (Diamond, 1988;Bellwood, 1989), is not compatible with our previous observations.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

<i>DRD4</i> VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations

Naka

Ohashi

Kimura

et al. 2012

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To study the origin of Polynesians and the gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians, a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene was investigated for six Austronesian (AN)-speaking populations-two in Tonga (Nuku'alofa and Ha'apai), three in Solomon Islands (Munda, Paradise, and Rawaki, of whom Rawaki was a Micronesian migrant group), and one in Papua New Guinea (Balopa), and one Non-Austronesian (NAN)-speaking population in Papua New Guinea (Gidra). In these Oceanic populations, six VNTR alleles with 2 (2R) to 11 (7R) repeats were observed. The most frequent DRD4 VNTR allele was the 4R allele, although the allele frequencies of 2R and 7R varied markedly among them, characterized by high frequencies of 7R and lack of 2R in NAN-speaking Melanesians (Gidra), and high frequencies of 2R and low or null frequencies of 7R in AN-speaking Polynesians (Nuku'alofa and Ha'apai) and Micronesians (Rawaki). The allele frequency distribution of DRD4 VNTR in Polynesians was similar to that in Aboriginal Taiwanese (Ami and Atayal), supporting the hypothesis that Polynesian ancestors were derived from Southeast Asians (probably Taiwanese). A principal component analysis for Southeast Asian and Oceanic populations based on the DRD4 VNTR allele frequencies revealed that ANspeaking Melanesian populations were genetically placed between two AN-speaking Polynesian and one NAN-speaking Melanesian populations. These results provide evidence of gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians while Polynesian ancestors passed through Melanesia.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

<i>DRD4</i> VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations

Naka

Ohashi

Kimura

et al. 2012

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“…The reason why JPT and CHB were used rather than YRI or CEU was because Oceanic populations are genetically closer to JPT and CHB (East Asians) than to YRI (African) and CEU (European) populations. 24 No genes are located closely to ADRB2 and no SNPs outside the ADRB2 gene showed the strong LD with rs34623097. From this result, we conclude that rs34623097 is the primary polymorphism, in this genomic region, associated with obesity in the Oceanic populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A functional SNP upstream of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) is associated with obesity in Oceanic populations

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVE:Obesity is a growing health concern in the Oceanic populations. To investigate the genetic factors associated with adult obesity in the Oceanic populations, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene with obesity was examined in 694 adults living in Tonga and Solomon Islands.RESULTS:A screening for variation in 16 Oceanic subjects detected 17 SNPs in the entire region of ADRB2, of which nine SNPs including two non-synonymous ones, rs1042713 (Arg16Gly) and rs1042714 (Gln27Glu), were further genotyped for all subjects. The rs34623097-A allele, at a SNP located upstream of ADRB2, showed the strongest association with risk for obesity in a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and population (P=5.6 × 10−4, odds ratio [OR]=2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5–4.2). The 27Glu was also significantly associated with obesity in the single-point association analysis (P=0.013, OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2–3.4); however, this association was no longer significant after adjustment for rs34623097 since these SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. A copy of the obesity-risk allele, rs34623097-A, led to a 1.6 kg/m2 increase in body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) (P=0.0019). A luciferase reporter assay indicated that rs34623097-A reduced the transcriptional activity of the luciferase reporter gene by approximately 10% compared with rs34623097-G. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that rs34623097 modulated the binding affinity with nuclear factors. An evolutionary analysis implies that a G>A mutation at rs34623097 occurred in the Neandertal genome and then the rs34623097-A allele flowed into the ancestors of present-day humans.CONCLUSION:The present results suggest that rs34623097-A, which would lead to lower expression of ADRB2, contributes to the onset of obesity in the Oceanic populations.

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“…Although Ravaki village is located in the Solomon Islands, the inhabitants had migrated there from the over-populated Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) in the 1960s in line with British governmental policy (Ohashi et al 2006). Therefore, Paradise and Munda represented the AN-speaking Melanesian population, Ha'apai and Nuku'alofa represented the AN-speaking Polynesian population, and Ravaki represented AN-speaking Micronesians (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Populationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Q223R polymorphism in LEPR is associated with obesity in Pacific Islanders

et al. 2009

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Various Pacific Island populations have experienced a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in past decades. This study examined the association of a promoter polymorphism of the leptin gene (LEP), G-2548A (rs7799039), and two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR), K109R (rs1137100) and Q223R (rs1137101), with body weight, body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI > or = 30) in Pacific Islanders. A total of 745 Austronesian (AN)-speaking participants were analyzed after adjusting for age, gender, and population differences. The results revealed that carriers of the 223Q alleles of LEPR had significantly higher body weight (P = 0.0009) and BMI (P = 0.0022) than non-carriers (i.e., 223R homozygotes); furthermore, the 223Q carriers also had a signiWcantly higher risk of obesity in comparison to non-carriers (P = 0.0222). The other two polymorphisms, G-2548A and K109R, were associated with neither body weight, BMI, nor obesity. The 223Q allele was widely found among the AN-speaking study subjects, thus suggesting that the LEPR Q223R polymorphism is one of the factors contributing to the high prevalence of obesity in the Pacific Island populations.

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Polymorphisms in the ABO blood group gene in three populations in the New Georgia group of the Solomon Islands

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

<i>DRD4</i> VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations

<i>DRD4</i> VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations

A functional SNP upstream of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) is associated with obesity in Oceanic populations

The Q223R polymorphism in LEPR is associated with obesity in Pacific Islanders

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