Polymorphisms in Adipokines in Mexican Children with Obesity

Abstract

The high prevalence of childhood obesity in Mexico is alarming in the health-science field. We propose to investigate the contribution of adipokines and cytokines polymorphisms and common BMI/obesity-associated loci, revealed in genome-wide association studies in Caucasian adult cohorts, with childhood obesity. This study included 773 Mexican-Mestizo children (5-15 years old) in a case-control study. The polymorphisms included were ADIPOQ (rs6444174), TNF-α (rs1800750), IL-1β (rs1143643), IL-6 (rs1524107; rs2069845), NEGR1 (rs34305371), SEC16B-RASAL2 (rs10913469), TMEM18 (rs6548238; rs7561317), GNPDA2 (rs16857402), LEP (rs2167270), MTCH2 (rs10838738), LGR4-LIN7C-BDNF (rs925946), BCDIN3D-FAIM2 (rs7138803), FTO (rs62033400), MC4R (rs11872992), MC4R (rs17782313), and KCTD15 (rs29942). No significant contribution was found with adipokines and cytokines polymorphisms in this study. Only both TMEM18 (rs6548238; rs7561317) polymorphisms were found associated with obesity (OR=0.5, P=0.008) and were in linkage disequilibrium (r2=0.87). The linear regression showed that the rs7561317 polymorphism of TMEM18 is negatively associated with obesity. This report highlights the influence of TMEM18 in Mexican-Mestizo children obesity, while adipokine and cytokine polymorphisms were not associated with it.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Mass Index and Body Fat in Mexican-Mestizo Children

“…Ancestry differences could be explained, at least in part, by differences in genetic markers predisposing high childhood BMI and %BF values between Mexican and European children. Our results also agree with the findings of partial loci transferability from European adults to Mexican children; those studies found that 25 out of over 150 loci associated to BMI/obesity in Europeans were also associated in Mexican children [9,10,11,12,13,14].…”

“…In Mexico, the genetic components predisposing to high BMI and/or obesity in childhood are scarcely known. Efforts made have been concentrated in transferability studies from European adults to Mexican children, which showed partial BMI/obesity associated loci transferability [9,10,11,12,13,14], whereas a GWAS has not been reported in childhood population yet. To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing BMI and %BF in Mexican children from COIPIS, we performed a GWAS using LAT Axiom 1, Affymetrix, and around 2.5 million SNPs from the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 imputation panel.…”

Analysis of Polymorphisms rs7093069-IL-2RA, rs7138803-FAIM2, and rs1748033-PADI4 in the Group of Adolescents With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

“…The variant of gene FAIM2-rs7138803 is associated with BMI z-scores in children over 6 years (16). On the other hand, the Mexican researchers have not confirmed that kind of association in obese children without metabolic disorders (17). It is known that the obesity gene, the apoptotic suppressing molecule Fas 2 (FAIM2), is regulated by nutritional status, and the promoter FAIM2 methylation levels are significantly related to overweight.…”

“…An interesting study was conducted by Chinese researchers, who studied the influence of different lifestyles on methylation changes in obese and lean children. They have showed that lifestyle (17) might have an impact on FAIM2 (18), but it has been independently associated with dyslipidemia (19). The polymorphisms of this gene in people with thyroid diseases are till now unknown.…”

“…It can play a role in cerebellum development. The polymorphism of the molecular coding gene is associated with giant obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”