Polymorphism of Prolactin Gene (PRL/PstI) In Sikumbang Jonti Duck Using PCR-RFLP Methods

Abstract

This study is aimed to determine polymorphism of the Prolactin gene (PRL|PstI) in Sikumbang Jonti ducks using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. This study used 56 Sikumbang Jonti ducks whose blood samples were taken. Gene amplification used a pair of primers forward 5' TGC AAA CCA TAA AAG AAA AGA 3' and reverse 5' CAA TGA AAA GTG GCA AAG CAA 3', which resulted in a 400 bp fragment in exon 5 of the Prolactin (PRL) gene. The amplification product was restricted using the PstI enzyme, which recognizes the truncation site (5' G↓ACGTC 3'). From 56 samples of Sikumbang Jonti ducks identified, just one genotype was found, homozygous (-/-) with only one allele (-). Analysis of the restriction product in Sikumbang Jonti ducks obtained a uniform genetic variation of PRL|PstI (monomorphic) with an allele frequency (-) of 100%.

Effect of a Polymorphism in Prolactin Gene on Some Reproductive Traits in TB Crossbred Ducks in Southern Vietnam

“…However, in the male group, only two genotypes were identified as CC and CT with observed frequencies 0.594 and 0.406, respectively while the TT genotype was not detected. Rafian et al (2022) reported that monomorphism in the PRL/PstI locus was found in local Joti ducks from Indonesia, contrasting with other research (Wang et al, 2011;Ghanem et al, 2017;Yurnalis et al, 2019) as well as our present study. Abdel-Kafy et al ( 2015) mentioned balanced allelic frequency in the population due to higher frequency of heterozygoty (TC) than homozygoty (CC and TT) in the PRL/PstI locus in ducks.…”

“…According to sex, the C and T allele frequencies of in male birds were 0.797 and 0.203, while frequencies of the C and T alleles in female birds were 0.813 and 0.187. The allelic frequency for allele C (0.811) was significantly higher than for allele T (0.189) (Table 1), with the trend of allelic frequency in this study similar to several previous studies in various duck breeds (Chuekwon and Boonlum, 2017;Yurnalis et al, 2019;Sabry et al, 2020), while other research reported balanced allelic frequencies in investigated ducks (Mazurowski et al, 2016;Rafian et al, 2022). The disparities between the study results were caused by different sources of domestic breeds, selected certain traits applied, patterns of genetic mutations and levels of material genetic recombination (Rafian et al, 2022).…”

“…The allelic frequency for allele C (0.811) was significantly higher than for allele T (0.189) (Table 1), with the trend of allelic frequency in this study similar to several previous studies in various duck breeds (Chuekwon and Boonlum, 2017;Yurnalis et al, 2019;Sabry et al, 2020), while other research reported balanced allelic frequencies in investigated ducks (Mazurowski et al, 2016;Rafian et al, 2022). The disparities between the study results were caused by different sources of domestic breeds, selected certain traits applied, patterns of genetic mutations and levels of material genetic recombination (Rafian et al, 2022). Investigation of PRL/PstI in exon 5 in duck breeds including Shanma, Shaoxing, Jingyun, Jingjiang, Youma and F2 found that some breeds were balanced in allele frequency (Shanma, Shaoxing and Jingyun), while other breeds ( Jingjiang, Youma and F2) were dominant in one allele (Wang et al, 2011).…”

“…Research on PRL gene polymorphism in Indonesian local ducks documented exon 2 (Susanti, 2015) and exon 4 (Indriatia et al, 2016) or in chicken (Rohmah et al, 2020). In exon 5, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed a positive correlation with egg production in Chinese ducks (Wang et al, 2011), Indonesian local ducks (Susanti et al, 2012;Astuti, 2019;Purwantini et al, 2020;Rafian et al, 2022) and Egyptian duck breeds (Sabry et al, 2020) or in chicken (Rohmah et al, 2022). Current study investigated polymorphism of the prolactin gene in exon 5 to determine the effect of genetic polymorphism on some reproductive traits of BT crossbred ducks.…”

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Various local duck breeds are endemic, and these have comparative advantages compared to imported livestock due to high ability to adapt with local environments and good production characteristics as a result of less artificial selection (Subekti et al, 2019;Nova et al, 2020;Rafian et al, 2022). During past decades, climate change has

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