Polymorphism of heterochromatin areas on chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y in long-lived subjects and persons of different ages in two regions of the Soviet Union

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“…Studies on the material substrate of heredity, chromosomal apparatus, showed that in the long-living males the large blocks of C-heterochromatin are on the Y-chromosome (1.51±0.06 мкм compared to 1.29±0.09 мкм) in the control and long Y-chromosome (index Y/F in the long-lived (1.05±0.05 compared to 0.85±0.07 in the control). In the long-living females the large block of C-heterochromatin are on the chromosome 9 (1.31±0.14 µм compared to 0.86±0.06 µм in the control) evidencing for the high activity of ribosomal RNA synthesis [14,17,34].…”

“…The long Y-chromosome was also found in the relatives of the long-lived. In the long-living females of Azerbaijan, Abkhasia and Ukraine the variants of chromosomal polymorphism are characterized by the presence of the large block of C-heterochromatin on the chromosome 9 and a high frequency of the associations of the acrocentric chromosomes evidencing for the high activity of ribosomal RNA synthesis [16,17,35].…”

“…• Questionnaire to verify age, age-related subjective signs of aging [2] • Biological age assessment [11,12] • Anthropometric data [3,7] • Brain bioelectrical activity based on electroencephalographic data [13,14] • Duplex ultrasound examination of neck vessels and brain [4] • Family history and tracing family longevity and family diseases such like cerebral-vascular pathology, age of the deceased and causes of their death [15] • Cytogenetic investigations (variants of chromosome polymorphism as regards C-heterochromatin, absolute and relative sizes of C-band lengths on the chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y, heteromorphism of C-blocks on the homologues of the chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y [10,14,16,17] …”