Polymorphism and Inheritance of Gliadin Proteins in Wheat Landraces of Uzbekistan

Abstract

Wheat genotypes grown in Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries cannot compete with commercial cultivars for productivity. These landraces are valuable genetic resources that could benefit in developing new cultivars enriched with nutritious microelements and other ingredients beneficial for human health. As a result of wheat research, for the first time, preserving the 31 landraces in their natural form in the remote territories of Uzbekistan ensued, including a catalog of compilation by determining their economic and morphologically valuable features. Based on cluster analysis and quantitative characteristics, local wheat genotypes attained five groupings with a compiled dendrogram. With the dendrogram, determining the morphological attributes of ancient local cultivars of wheat materialized, even though the grain color is the same, a sharp difference is noticeable, but still similar based on quantitative characteristics that ensure the grain yield. In ancient local wheat cultivars, plant height and 1000-seed weight have a weak correlation with other traits, and a strong positive association was distinct between the spike length and spikelets per spike and the number and grain weight per spike. The polymorphism of soft wheat landraces showed according to the electrophoretic spectra in the grain’s gliadin proteins. The electrophoretic parameters of gliadin proteins indicated that of the six samples of cultivar Kzyl-bugdoy listed in the catalog, only four have similar electrophoretic spectra. In cultivar Ak-bugdoy’s four specimens, three have identical spectra, while three from the cultivar Surkhak have different bands. Based on individual selection and according to electrophoretic spectra from wheat landraces, the release of the wheat cultivar Kairaktash was due to its high baking and nutritional value.

Physiological and Biochemical Composition of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

“…Noticeably also was the local cultivar Jakhongir, with a total protein content of 19.2% (Table 4). Previous studies mentioned the inheritance and variability of gliadin proteins in various landraces of cereals (Buronov and Xamroev, 2022;Buronov et al, 2023).…”

“…In the 21st century due to enhanced population, it is obligatory to increase the production of safe, high-quality, and healthy food to overcome hunger and malnutrition (Amanov et al, 2020(Amanov et al, , 2022Buronov and Xamroev, 2022). Particularly in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to use the available resources to ensure the guaranteed supply of food products to the population, further increase productivity through applying modern scientific approaches, and create food types resistant to diseases and pests (Fayziev et al, 2020;Ramazonov, 2020;Ramazonov et al, 2020;Sobirova et al, 2020;Buronov et al, 2023;Muminov et al, 2023). In the domestic consumer market of the Republic, the task of increasing the production volume of non-traditional oil products reached awareness.…”

Determining Aphid Resistance Genes in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars Using Dna Markers

“…Russian wheat aphid injects salivary toxins during feeding that cause rapid, systemic phytotoxic effects on plants, resulting in acute plant symptoms and potentially significant yield losses. Aphids cause yield losses directly (35%-40%) by sucking the plant sap and indirectly (20%-80%) by infecting them with viral and fungal diseases (Aslam et al, 2005;Kinley et al, 2021;Buronov et al, 2023). Therefore, effective aphid pest management requires better knowledge of the pest's biology, reproduction, ecology, and distribution.…”

Present Status and Future Perspectives of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Research in Uzbekistan

“…One vital solution to this problem is to combat biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect wheat productivity in diverse environments. In the present era, several fungal diseases have led to crop losses in grain fields by 50% and, in some areas, up to 80% worldwide (Buronov et al, 2023). Various measures, including chemical use, are known to protect crop plants from those diseases and maintain good productivity.…”