Polymorphic microsatellites in a mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

Abstract

Twenty‐six microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the mangrove species Rhizophora mangle using (GT)n and (CT)n repeats. Eighty‐four per cent of the clones contained microsatellite sequences; the most common dinucleotides were the (GA/CT) and (CA/GT) repeats. Ten primers were selected to investigate the polymorphism among individuals of R. mangle from two natural populations of the Colombian Pacific Coast. The observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.20 to 0.80, the power of discrimination was 0.32–0.84 and the power of exclusion was 0.03–0.75. This set of microsatellites offers an efficient tool for population genetics studies on this species.

Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama

“…We used 11 and 6 microsatellite loci for the analysis of 980 A. germinans individuals and 940 R. mangle individuals respectively, following established protocols [13,65-67] but with modifications [68] (See Additional file 4 for details). We calculated the average number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity ( H o ), expected heterozygosity ( H e ), and the fixation index ( F IS ) for each species across the four estuaries using GENALEX 6.0 [69].…”

“… PCR conditions for 11 microsatellite loci for A. germinans (black mangrove) [ [65,66] ] and six microsatellite loci for R. mangle (red mangrove) [ [67] ] following established protocols [ [13,65,66] ] with modifications including three primers in the PCR thus: a dye tagged M13 universal forward primer (5’-CACGACGTTGTAAAACGAC-3’) [ [68] ] , primer Forward (F) and primer Reverse (R) where either F or R primer (indicated with asterisk *) had a tail at the 5’ end that was identical to the M13 universal forward primer sequence. Amplified fragments from both mangrove species were electrophoretically separated on ABI 3130 xl and analyzed using ABI PRISM® GeneMapper™ software version 3.7.…”

Postglacial north–south expansion of populations of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) along the Brazilian coast revealed by microsatellite analysis

“…The genetic variability of the R. mangle populations was analyzed through the amplifi cation of eight nuclear microsatellite regions previously developed specifi cally for R. mangle: RM19, RM38, RM41, RM46 ( Rosero-Galindo et al, 2002 ) and RM05, RM50, RM 52, RM86 ( Takayama et al, 2008a ). The forward primers of each pair were labeled with fl uorescent dyes.…”

Red Mangrove Seedling Survival, Growth, and Reproduction: Effects of Environment and Maternal Genotype

“…The degree of outcrossing may affect the genetic potential available for adaptation to climate change. Genetic diversity of Rhizophora is relatively low in Florida populations (Travis and Proffitt, unpublished data), although appears to be higher in some Mexican populations (Rosero-Galindo et al 2002). Florida populations may have experienced a bottleneck during the last interglacial period when much of what is now subtropical Florida habitat was under water severely limiting, or possibly causing extinction of, populations (Schwarzbach and Rickleffs 2000).…”

“…Other than that pioneering study, genetic analyses in mangroves have been largely limited to determining genetic diversity and linkages among populations via propagule dispersal by ocean currents. Assessments of genetic diversity have been made for New World Rhizophora (Rosero-Galindo et al 2002;Proffitt and Travis unpublished data). Similar measurements have been made for other mangrove species (CastilloCardenas et al 2005;Ceron-Souza and Cardenas-Henao 2005;Dodd and Afzal-Rafil 2002;Duke et al 1998;Ge and Sun 1999;Maguire et al 2000).…”