Polymicrobial Biofilms: Fundamentals, diseases, and treatments - A review

Espinosa, Arturo; Palencia, Sixta L.; García, Antonio Manuel Rodríguez; Palencia, Manuel

doi:10.34294/j.jsta.20.8.54

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The QS molecules play an important role in cell communication, phenotype and virulence modifications, and the emergence of microbial resistance 87 . The biofilm formation process goes through several steps, including cell adhesion to the biotic or abiotic surface, irreversible attachment by extracellular matrix production/microcolony formation, maturation, detachment, and dispersion of single cells or small microcolonies 75,88,89 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilm formation is a virulence factor exhibited by several bacteria and fungi and defined as a multicellular community encased in a self‐produced matrix regulated by a quorum‐sensing system (QS) 40,82 . The biofilm matrix is typically constituted by polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, extracellular DNA and water 75,84 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, biofilm development within PUs is thought to play a major role in impairing wound healing, particularly in chronic nonhealing PUs. 74 The microbiota of PUs is usually polymicrobial and complex, 75 and the ascendency and mixture of microbial species depend on PU duration, location and stage. 40 Numerous species of microorganisms frequently colonize PUs, and surface cultures generate a polymicrobial flora of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic species.…”

Section: Cutaneous Microbiome In Patients With Infected Pusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40,82 The biofilm matrix is typically constituted by polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, extracellular DNA and water. 75,84 The biofilm matrix, composed of extracellular polymeric substances, benefits microbial cells, providing enhanced protection from the host immune response, resistance to antimicrobials, and protection from environmental stresses, and mechanical and shear forces, among others. 85,86 The QS molecules play an important role in cell communication, phenotype and virulence modifications, and the emergence of microbial resistance.…”

Section: Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87 The biofilm formation process goes through several steps, including cell adhesion to the biotic or abiotic surface, irreversible attachment by extracellular matrix production/microcolony formation, maturation, detachment, and dispersion of single cells or small microcolonies. 75,88,89 Dispersion is the biofilm survival mechanism designed to maintain equilibrium and results from nutrient starvation caused by high population and competition. 45 Dispersed cells can colonize other parts of the wound bed or other wounds or colonize other surfaces and form new biofilms, 86 leading to the spread of infection throughout an organ or the whole body and the possibility of chronic infection resulting in an acute bloodstream infection.…”

Section: Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The skin microbiome of infected pressure ulcers: A review and implications for health professionals

Gomes

Furtado

Henriques

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background Pressure ulcers (PUs) are injuries resulting from ischaemia caused by prolonged compression or shear forces on the skin, adjacent tissues and bones. Advanced stages of PUs are associated with infectious complications and constitute a major clinical challenge, with high social and economic impacts in health care. Goals This study aims to identify and describe the relationship between PU risk factors, stages and anatomical locations, and the relevance of microbial cohabitation and biofilm growth. Methods The narrative review method to advocating a critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on the topic was performed. Indexed databases and direct consultation to specialized and high‐impact journals on the subject were used to extract relevant information, guided by co‐authors. The Medical Subject Headings of pressure ulcer (or injury), biofilms, infection and other analogues terms were used. Results Development of PUs and consequent infection depends on several direct and indirect risk factors, including cutaneous/PU microbiome, microclimate and behavioural factors. Infected PUs are polymicrobial and characterized by biofilm‐associated infection, phenotypic hypervariability of species and inherent resistance to antimicrobials. The different stages and anatomical locations also play an important role in their colonization. The prevention and monitoring of PUs remain crucial for avoiding the emergence of systemic infections and reducing health care–associated costs, improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the mortality‐associated infected PUs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutaneous Microbiome In Patients With Infected Pusmentioning

confidence: 99%