Polymers with upper critical solution temperature behavior in alcohol/water solvent mixtures

Zhang, Qilu; Hoogenboom, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.02.003

Cited by 181 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…In contrast to the LCST behavior, no PAOx are reported that show an upper critical solution temperature in water. However, upper critical solution temperature behavior was observed for PAOx with phenyl, benzyl or alkyl side‐chains longer than propyl in ethanol−water mixtures, which results from the change in polarity of these non‐ideal solvent mixtures upon heating . Figure shows an overview of the solubility of various PAOx in ethanol−water mixtures.…”

Section: Solution Properties Of Poly(2‐oxazoline) Homopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties

Glaßner

Vergaelen

Hoogenboom

2017

Polymer International

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190

189

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Poly(2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) are of increasing importance for a wide range of applications, mostly in the biomedical field. This review describes the synthesis of 2-oxazoline monomers and their cationic ring-opening polymerization, and gives a comprehensive overview of all reported PAOx homopolymers. In the second part of the review, the polymer properties of these PAOx homopolymers with varying side-chain structures are discussed. Altogether, this review intends to serve as an encyclopedia for poly(2-oxazoline)s enabling the straightforward selection of a polymer structure with the desired properties for a certain application.

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Section: Solution Properties Of Poly(2‐oxazoline) Homopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties

Glaßner

Vergaelen

Hoogenboom

2017

Polymer International

Self Cite

190

189

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“…[7][8][9] In fact, LCST behaviour is a common phenomenon of non-ionic polymers in aqueous solution. 2 Moreover, their transition temperatures can be easily fine-tuned via their molecular structure, as they can be synthesised not only by various polymerisation methods directly from the respective monomers, 1,2 but also by copolymerisation 3,[10][11][12] or by post-polymerisation modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the zwitterion structure on the thermo-responsive behaviour of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylates)

Hildebrand

Laschewsky

Päch³

et al. 2017

Polym. Chem.

132

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A series of new sulfobetaine methacrylates, including nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycles, was synthesised by systematically varying the substituents of the zwitterionic group. Radical polymerisation via the RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) method in trifluoroethanol proceeded smoothly and was well controlled, yielding polymers with predictable molar masses. Molar mass analysis and control of the end-group fidelity were facilitated by end-group labeling with a fluorescent dye. The polymers showed distinct thermo-responsive behaviour of the UCST (upper critical solution temperature) type in an aqueous solution, which could not be simply correlated to their molecular structure via an incremental analysis of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements incorporated within them. Increasing the spacer length separating the ammonium and the sulfonate groups of the zwitterion moiety from three to four carbons increased the phase transition temperatures markedly, whereas increasing the length of the spacer separating the ammonium group and the carboxylate ester group on the backbone from two to three carbons provoked the opposite effect. Moreover, the phase transition temperatures of the analogous polyzwitterions decreased in the order dimethylammonio > morpholinio > piperidinio alkanesulfonates. In addition to the basic effect of the polymers' precise molecular structure, the concentration and the molar mass dependence of the phase transition temperatures were studied. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of added low molar mass salts on the aqueous-phase behaviour for sodium chloride and sodium bromide as well as sodium and ammonium sulfate. The strong effects evolved in a complex way with the salt concentration. The strength of these effects depended on the nature of the anion added, increasing in the order sulfate < chloride < bromide, thus following the empirical Hofmeister series. In contrast, no significant differences were observed when changing the cation, i.e. when adding sodium or ammonium sulfate.

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“…The triggering event that induces the phase-changing event might be originated by a chemical or biological agent [3,4], the rise or fall in temperature [5][6][7][8], electromagnetic radiation [9][10][11], pH [12][13][14], ionic strength [15,16], the arrival of a magnetic [17,18] or electrical impulse [19,20], or the application of mechanical forces [21], to enumerate some examples. The specific response of the material can also be manifold, and changes can be induced in the surface properties of the material [4], its shape [22], its interaction with light [21,23], diffusivity [24], or its solubility properties [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular control over thermoresponsive polymers

2016

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Thermoresponsive polymers facilitate the development of a wide range of applications in multiple areas spanning from construction or water management to lab-on-a-chip technologies and biomedical sciences. The combination of thermoresponsive polymers with supramolecular chemistry, inspired by the molecular mechanisms behind natural systems, is resulting in adaptive and smart materials with unprecedented properties. This work reviews the past advances on the combination of this young field of research with polymer chemistry that is enabling a high level of control on polymer architecture and stimuli-responsiveness in solution. We will discuss how such polymer systems are able to store thermal information, respond to multiple stimuli in a reversible manner, or adapt their morphology on demand, all powered by the synergy between polymer chemistry and supramolecular chemistry

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Polymers with upper critical solution temperature behavior in alcohol/water solvent mixtures

Cited by 181 publications

References 138 publications

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties

Effect of the zwitterion structure on the thermo-responsive behaviour of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylates)

Supramolecular control over thermoresponsive polymers

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