Polymers with benzofuro‐benzofuran structures

Abstract

Several kinds of molecules and also polymers are going to be discussed in the present article. Common feature in these molecules and polymers is the possessing of a specific structural part, namely benzofuro–benzofuran. This structure will appear in several molecules and kinds of polymers in the text. A condensation reaction between glyoxal and phenols is the reaction needed to produce the mentioned structural part, ie benzofuro–benzofuran. Because of the importance of this reaction, a brief historical background in the initial section of the article, and some discussion on the structural assignment of the reaction product and the reaction mechanism is also given in sections later on. Types of polymers, which are discussed in this article, are mainly heat stable polymers including polyamide, poly(ether ketone sulfone), polybenzimidazole, poly(amide‐benzimidazole) and polyarylates. Polyester, polyhaydrezide and polymers with NLO property are the other kinds of the discussed polymers in the text with the benzofuro–benzofuran structure in their main chain. There is not any detailed procedure provided in the text about the synthesis of the molecules or even the polymers and the general procedures provided follow only the methodological purposes of the authors. Thermal properties of the polymers are discussed in the final section of the article with an attempt to provide a comparative argument in order to reach a relationship between structure and thermal properties. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.

Functional isocoumarin-containing polymers synthesized by rhodium-catalyzed oxidative polycoupling of aryl diacid and internal diyne

“…1 As a group of new advanced materials, polymers with fused-heterocyclic units in the main chains have attracted considerable attention. In the past few decades, a series of fused-heterocyclic polymers, for example, polymers containing benzodipyrrole, 2 benzofuran, 3 benzothiophene, 4 benzothiadiazole, 5 benzylcarb-azole, 6 and naphthopyran, 7 have been developed and investigated. Owing to their structural advantages of both the high conjugation of fused rings and the distinctive electrical and photophysical properties of heterocyclic moieties, they have found a variety of applications as external stimuli-responsive materials, 8 fluorescent sensors 9 and photoelectronic devices, such as polymer solar cells, 10 polymer field-effect transistors, 11 polymer light-emitting diodes, 6 etc.…”

Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable aromatic copoly(ester–amide)s from diester‐dicarboxylic acids

“…All chemicals were purchased from Merck and Fluka. Benzofuro[2,3‐b] benzofuran‐2,9‐dicarbonyl chloride ( I ) was synthesized according to the method reported previously by our group 24. Diamines (h and i) were prepared according to literature procedures 25, 26.…”

“…In continuation of our studies on the synthesis of thermally stable polymers containing furan rings in the main chain,3, 19–24 we synthesized some new aromatic polyamides3, 19 and polyesters22. To modify the low solubility of polyamides, the introduction of an ester linkage into a polyamide chain led to a polymer with good solubility with high thermal stability.…”

Synthesis and characterization of semiaromatic polyamides comprising benzofurobenzofuran repeating units

“…According to previously described procedures, the aromatic benzofurobenzofuran dicarboxylic acid can, for instance, be synthesized in two steps starting from p-cresol. [22][23][24][25] Banashemi et al reported the synthesis of the cis-5a,10b-dihydro-2,9-dimethylbenzofuro [2,3-b]benzofuran from glyoxal and p-cresol, followed by an oxidation reaction with potassium permanganate. They concluded from ambiguous analytical data that this reaction simultaneous dehydrogenated the BFBF core and oxidized the methyl groups to carboxylic acid moieties.…”