Polymers of micro(nano) plastic in household tap water of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area

Vega-Herrera, Albert; Llorca, Marta; Borrell-Diaz, Xavier; Redondo‐Hasselerharm, Paula E.; Abad, Esteban; Villanueva, Cristina M.; Farré, Marinella

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118645

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This study builds up on three earlier communications of the presence of DBPs [ 32 ], micropollutants [ 33 ] and micro(nano) plastic [ 34 ] in the same water samples but provides important additional insights into the potential harm DBPs may cause. Bioassays are useful screening tools for drinking water quality and removal of DBPs.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 81%

“…The objective of this study was to complement the previous work on exposure to regulated and non-regulated DPB in the BMA [ 32 ], micropollutants [ 33 ] and micro(nano) plastic [ 34 ] by effect-based method that capture the entirety of mixture exposure of extracted micropollutants and DBPs with a focus on cytotoxicity, activation of oxidative stress response and neurotoxicity. Iceberg modelling, a specific form of mixture toxicity modelling, was used to identify mixture effect drivers for the endpoint of oxidative stress response.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water

Escher

Blanco

Caixach

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Location-specific patterns of regulated and non-regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were detected in tap water samples of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. However, it remains unclear if the detected DBPs together with undetected DPBs and organic micropollutants can lead to mixture effects in drinking water. Objective To evaluate the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress response and cytotoxicity of 42 tap water samples, 6 treated with activated carbon filters, 5 with reverse osmosis and 9 bottled waters. To compare the measured effects of the extracts with the mixture effects predicted from the detected concentrations and the relative effect potencies of the detected DBPs using the mixture model of concentration addition. Methods Mixtures of organic chemicals in water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction and tested for cytotoxicity and neurite outgrowth inhibition in the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y and for cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response in the AREc32 assay. Results Unenriched water did not trigger neurotoxicity or cytotoxicity. After up to 500-fold enrichment, few extracts showed cytotoxicity. Disinfected water showed low neurotoxicity at 20- to 300-fold enrichment and oxidative stress response at 8- to 140-fold enrichment. Non-regulated non-volatile DBPs, particularly (brominated) haloacetonitriles dominated the predicted mixture effects of the detected chemicals and predicted effects agreed with the measured effects. By hierarchical clustering we identified strong geographical patterns in the types of DPBs and their association with effects. Activated carbon filters did not show a consistent reduction of effects but domestic reverse osmosis filters decreased the effect to that of bottled water. Impact statement Bioassays are an important complement to chemical analysis of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. Comparison of the measured oxidative stress response and mixture effects predicted from the detected chemicals and their relative effect potencies allowed the identification of the forcing agents for the mixture effects, which differed by location but were mainly non-regulated DBPs. This study demonstrates the relevance of non-regulated DBPs from a toxicological perspective. In vitro bioassays, in particular reporter gene assays for oxidative stress response that integrate different reactive toxicity pathways including genotoxicity, may therefore serve as sum parameters for drinking water quality assessment.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water

Escher

Blanco

Caixach

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

Self Cite

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“…Notably, nanomicroplastics, ranging from 0.7 to 20 µm, were detected in Barcelona tap water at notable concentrations, up to 19 µg/L. Diverse polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyisoprene (PI), polybutadiene (PBD), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) have been identified [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption-Based Removal Techniques for Microplastic Contamination of Tap Water

Salikova,

Kerimkulova,

Rodrigo-Ilarri

et al. 2024

Water

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This study investigates the presence of microplastics in tap drinking water and evaluates the efficacy of various sorbents for their removal in the context of Kazakhstan’s water treatment system. Water samples taken in the cities of Kokshetau and Krasny Yar (Akmola region) were analyzed. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 2.0 × 10−2 to 6.0 × 10−2 particles/dm3, predominantly in fiber form (74.1%). Outdated technologies and non-compliance with treatment regimens contribute to poor water quality, including high turbidity (87% of samples), color deviations (40% of samples), and acidity issues (20% of samples). To address these challenges, the study examined the sorption efficiency of different sorbents, with results indicating high retention rates (82.7–97.8%) for microplastic particles. Notably, aliphatic structures like PE and PP exhibited higher retention than PET. Among the sorbents tested, the synthesized carbon sorption material (CSM) demonstrated the highest efficiency in both microplastic retention and improvement in water quality parameters, making it a promising option for water treatment facilities and household filters.

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“…Li et al detected microplastics in tap water from China, and microplastic abundance ranged from 1.67 µg/L to 2.08 µg/L with a size of 58-255 nm [14]. In the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, the concentration of microplastic polymers ranged from 1 ng/L to 9 µg/L in household water (HW; 0.70-20 µm) [15]. In comparison, only 0.7 items/m 3 were detected in tap water from the Oldenburg-East-Frisian water board [16], which was lower than previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Transportation in a Typical Drinking Water Supply: From Raw Water to Household Water

Sun,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Water

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Microplastics in drinking water have attracted increasing global concerns due to their potential adverse impacts on human health. However, there needs to be more knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in drinking water systems from water sources to household tap water. Herein, laser direct infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the occurrence of microplastics in a typical drinking water plant with different water sources. Microplastic information is further used to understand microplastic fates during drinking water supply, including microplastic abundance, size, shape, and polymer type. Overall, the microplastic abundance in treated water ranges from 12.00 to 25.33 particles/L, higher than those in raw water (RW; 2.33–17.33 particles/L) and household water (HW; 8.00–19.67 particles/L), which shows that microplastics are not removed from RW. The main polymers in these microplastics are polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. At the same time, the main microplastic shapes are fragments and fibers. Small-sized microplastics of 20–100 μm account for up to 76.74% and 79.30% of microplastics during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Additionally, more microplastics are detected in RW from rivers than those from reservoirs and lakes, and the microplastic abundance in the wet season is higher than that in the dry season. As expected, the potential ecological risk of microplastics in all waters is the I level, which is the lowest level. Most importantly, the annual microplastic intake of an adult via drinking water is 5063–18,301 microplastics, less than that reported in previous studies. These results provide valuable data on the fates of microplastics in drinking water supply systems from water sources to HW and promote authorities to update the treatment technologies for drinking water in the future to remove microplastics efficiently.

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Polymers of micro(nano) plastic in household tap water of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water

In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water

Sorption-Based Removal Techniques for Microplastic Contamination of Tap Water

Microplastic Transportation in a Typical Drinking Water Supply: From Raw Water to Household Water

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