Polymers for bone repair

Mateos‐Timoneda, Miguel A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102451-5.00007-x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The bone cements are usually divided into acrylic and phosphate-based cements [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as bone cement, is widely used for implant fixation in various orthopedic and trauma surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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Cemented arthroplasty is a common process to fix prostheses when a patient becomes older and his/her bone quality deteriorates. The applied cements are biocompatible, can transfer loads, and dampen vibrations, but do not provide antibacterial protection. The present work is aimed at the development of cement with antibacterial effectivity achieved with the implementation of nanoparticles of different metals. The powders of Ag, Cu with particles size in a range of 10–30 nm (Cu10) and 70–100 nm (Cu70), AgCu, and Ni were added to PMMA cement. Their influence on compression strength, wettability, and antibacterial properties of cement was assessed. The surface topography of samples was examined with biological and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by compression tests. A contact angle was observed with a goniometer. The biological tests included an assessment of cytotoxicity (XTT test on human cells Saos-2 line) and bacteria viability exposure (6 months). The cements with Ag and Cu nanopowders were free of bacteria. For AgCu and Ni nanoparticles, the bacterial solution became denser over time and, after 6 months, the bacteria clustered into conglomerates, creating a biofilm. All metal powders in their native form in direct contact reduce the number of eukaryotic cells. Cell viability is the least limited by Ag and Cu particles of smaller size. All samples demonstrated hydrophobic nature in the wettability test. The mechanical strength was not significantly affected by the additions of metal powders. The nanometal particles incorporated in PMMA-based bone cement can introduce long-term resistance against bacteria, not resulting in any serious deterioration of compression strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, polymer coatings that are easily degraded by surface erosion [such as polyanhydrides and poly(orthoesters)] are prone to develop gaps in the junction with the substrate that weaken corrosion resistance. [ 116 ] Such coatings exhibited gaps within 30 days in a dynamic simulated body fluid test (shear stress of about 0.68 Pa). [ 117 ] In contrast, an alkali pretreated nano‐Mg(OH) 2 layer interlocked with poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate) because similar polarity increased the contact area and adhesion strength between coating and substrate.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Composite Nanocoatings To Improve the Utility ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Nanocoatings of Biomedical Magnesium Alloy Implants: Advantages, Mechanisms, and Design Strategies

Dai

Xiong

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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The rapid degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloy implants erodes mechanical performance and interfacial bioactivity, thereby limiting their clinical utility. Surface modification is among the solutions to improve corrosion resistance and bioefficacy of Mg alloys. Novel composite coatings that incorporate nanostructures create new opportunities for their expanded use. Particle size dominance and impermeability may increase corrosion resistance and thereby prolong implant service time. Nanoparticles with specific biological effects may be released into the peri‐implant microenvironment during the degradation of coatings to promote healing. Composite nanocoatings provide nanoscale surfaces to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. Nanoparticles may activate cellular signaling pathways, while those with porous or core–shell structures may carry antibacterial or immunomodulatory drugs. Composite nanocoatings may promote vascular reendothelialization and osteogenesis, attenuate inflammation, and inhibit bacterial growth, thus increasing their applicability in complex clinical microenvironments such as those of atherosclerosis and open fractures. This review combines the physicochemical properties and biological efficiency of Mg‐based alloy biomedical implants to summarize the advantages of composite nanocoatings, analyzes their mechanisms of action, and proposes design and construction strategies, with the purpose of providing a reference for promoting the clinical application of Mg alloy implants and to further the design of nanocoatings.

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“…The rate of enzymatic degradation varies upon the availability and concentration of respective enzymes. Hydrolytical degradation is related to synthetic polymers, and involves cleavage of hydrolytically sensitive bonds in the polymer, with consequent bulk or surface erosion, important in determining the best choice for a certain application [ 44 ].…”

Section: Stem Cells Biomaterials and Scaffolds For Oral Tissue Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration—A Review

et al. 2020

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The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.

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Polymers for bone repair

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties

Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties

Composite Nanocoatings of Biomedical Magnesium Alloy Implants: Advantages, Mechanisms, and Design Strategies

Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration—A Review

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