Polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated with cyclohexanone

Kaim, Andrzej

doi:10.1002/pol.1984.130220403

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Figure 1 shows the higher conversion of MA and n BA in cyclohexanone than in xylene and DMSO during the early stage of polymerization. Previous studies showed that in the thermal polymerization of vinyl monomers, cyclohexanone‐based initiating species positively contributed to the initiation step 31, 32. Two mechanisms were reported: (1) initiation via the formation of a cyclohexanone–monomer complex that dissociated to release monoradicals for initiation31 and (2) the generation of initiating species via the radical thermal self‐condensation of cyclohexanone 32.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that in the thermal polymerization of vinyl monomers, cyclohexanone‐based initiating species positively contributed to the initiation step 31, 32. Two mechanisms were reported: (1) initiation via the formation of a cyclohexanone–monomer complex that dissociated to release monoradicals for initiation31 and (2) the generation of initiating species via the radical thermal self‐condensation of cyclohexanone 32. We observed no self‐condensation and believe that the ability of cyclohexanone to act as an initiator was via Scheme ,31 which caused the higher conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl andn‐butyl acrylate

Srinivasan

Kalfas

Petkovska

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article presents an experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) in the absence of any known added initiators at 120 and 140 C in a batch reactor. The effects of the solvent type, oxygen level, and reaction temperature on the monomer conversion and polymer average molecular weights were investigated. Three solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; polar, aprotic), cyclohexanone (polar, aprotic), and xylene (nonpolar) were used. The spontaneous thermal polymerization of MA and nBA in DMSO resulted in a lower conversion and higher average molecular weights in comparison to polymerization in cyclohexanone and xylene under the same conditions. The highest final conversion of both monomers was obtained in cyclohexanone. The high polymerization rate in cyclohexanone was most likely due to an additional initiation mechanism where cyclohexanone complexed with the monomer to generate free radicals. Bubbling air through the mixture led to a higher monomer conversion during the early stage of the polymerization and a lower polymer average molecular weight in xylene and cyclohexanone; this indicated the existence of a distinct behavior between the air-and nitrogen-purged systems. Matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis of the polymer samples taken from nitrogen-bubbled batches did not reveal fragments from initiating impurities. On the basis of the identified families of peaks, monomer self-initiation is suggested as the principal mode of initiation in the spontaneous thermal polymerization of MA and nBA at temperatures above 100 C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl andn‐butyl acrylate

Srinivasan

Kalfas

Petkovska

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…has been the subject of many publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A similar type of interaction between methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ketones such as cyclohexanone (CHn) [6,7], cyclopentanone, cycloheptanone, and acetylacetone [9], was also proposed by A. A similar type of interaction between methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ketones such as cyclohexanone (CHn) [6,7], cyclopentanone, cycloheptanone, and acetylacetone [9], was also proposed by A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…has been the subject of many publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. has been the subject of many publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Copolymerization of Acrylamide With Styrene Initiated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Its Derivatives in Comparison With Conventional Radical Initiator

Zhong

Ishifune

Yamashita

2000

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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Copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) with styrene (St) was carried out in the presence of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isopropyl ketone (MIK) and t-butyl methyl ketone (tBMK) without any conventional initiator in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 60¡C. The copolymerization of AAm with St proceeded readily in the presence of the MEK, MIK, and tBMK, while no copolymerization of AAm with St proceeded in the absence of these ketones under the same conditions and no homo-polymerization of St proceeded even in the presence of the ketones. The reactivity ratio of monomer AAm (r 1 ) is smaller than that of St (r 2 ) in all of the copolymerization systems, and increases as the order: MEK < MIK < tBMK. The conversion of the copolymerizations increases as the same order described above. The interaction

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“…In these polymerization systems, the interaction between the carbonyl oxygen in the additive carbonyl compound and the amide group in the AAm monomer seems to play an important role in the initiation and propagation steps. It has been reported that some types of active methylene containing compounds such as aldehyde and ketones induced the radical polymerization of polar vinyl monomers (9)(10)(11). For instance, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was induced by cyclohexanone, and its mechanism was proposed to involve the hydrogen radical transfer from ketone to MMA (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of Acrylamide in Aqueous Solution of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) at Lower Critical Solution Temperature

Ishifune

Suzuki

Yamane

et al. 2008

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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Acrylamide (AAm) was found to polymerize in a solution of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) in water at around its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (328C) without any initiators. This phenomenon was specifically observed in aqueous solutions of the polymers having LCST such as PNIPAAm and poly(methylvinylether) (PMVE). AAm polymerized only when PNIPAAm and AAm were dissolved in water below LCST of PNIPAAm and then the solution was warmed up to the polymerization temperature (408C). On the other hand, the polymerization of AAm did not proceed when AAm was added into aqueous PNIPAAm solution during and after the phase separation above 328C. Furthermore the polymerizability of AAm was remarkably affected by the concentration and molecular weight of the PNIPAAm additives. Under the condition of lower PNIPAAm concentration (0.30 mol/L), the increase in the molecular weight of PNIPAAm considerably increased the molecular weight of the resulting PAAm but decreased the yield of PAAm. Under the condition of higher PNIPAAm concentration (0.60 mol/L) the polymerizability was not so affected by the molecular weight of PNIPAAm, while the molecular weight of PAAm formed by using higher molecular weight PNIPAAm was higher than those of PAAm formed by using lower molecular weight PNIPAAm. Moreover, the molecular weight of PAAm formed by the PNIPAAm induced polymerization of AAm was much higher than that of the polymer obtained by the radical polymerization using AIBN in THF or VA-061 in water.

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Polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated with cyclohexanone

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl andn‐butyl acrylate

Experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl andn‐butyl acrylate

Study on Copolymerization of Acrylamide With Styrene Initiated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Its Derivatives in Comparison With Conventional Radical Initiator

Polymerization of Acrylamide in Aqueous Solution of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) at Lower Critical Solution Temperature

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