Polymerization of methyl methacrylate photosensitized by benzophenones

Block, H.; Ledwith, A.; Taylor, Arthur

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(71)90051-6

Cited by 116 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When the binary initiation system composed of aniline and BP is irradiated with the monochromatic light of 365 nm, an exciplex is formed first via the monoelectron transfer. 17,18 The further reaction of the exciplex is dependent on the polarity of the solvents. In a nonpolar solvent such as benzene ( ϭ 2.283 at 20°C), 19 the anilino radical and diphenyl methanol radical are easily formed by the proton transfer from the aniline cationic radical to the BP anionic radical; the anilino radical would initiate the monomer to polymerize.…”

Section: Effect Of the Polarity Of The Solvents On The Ctpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate by successive photoinduced charge-transfer polymerization

Huang

2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Section: Effect Of the Polarity Of The Solvents On The Ctpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate by successive photoinduced charge-transfer polymerization

Huang

2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…13 The rate constants of the MMA photopolymerization in the presence of all three initiating systems are shown in Table 1, together with the amount of absorbed photons, and the polymerization quantum yields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of using mixed initiator systems on the efficiency of photopolymerization of dental resins

Neumann¹,

Cavalheiro²,

Correa³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi realizado um estudo para determinar a eficiência da utilização simultânea dos fotoiniciadores fenilpropanodiona (PPD) e canforquinona (CQ) para a polimerização de polímeros acrílicos e avaliar possíveis mecanismos que levem à sinergia ou antagonismo. Foi encontrado que as eficiências de ambos iniciadores usados individualmente são maiores que a da mistura, indicando que quando os iniciadores são usados simultaneamente há uma transferência de energia do iniciador mais eficiente (CQ) para o menos eficiente (PPD). Também, não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência de reação entre a amina presente na formulação da CQ e o PPD no estado excitado.A study was performed in order to determine the efficiency of the simultaneous use of the photoinitiators phenylpropanedione (PPD) and camphorquinone (CQ) in the polymerization of acrylic polymers and evaluate possible mechanisms leading to synergism or antagonism. It was found that efficiencies of both initiators taken individually are higher than that of their mixture, indicating that when both dyes are used simultaneously there will be an energy transfer from the more efficient initiator (CQ) to the less efficient one (PPD). Also, there was no proof of any reaction between the amine present in the CQ formulation and the PPD excited state.

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“…In this process, the generated isopropylthioxanthyl ketyl radical is a resonance stabilized specie and readily undergoes coupling reactions at 2-, 4-, 5-, 7-and 9-positions (22). Accordingly, it acts more likely as a chain terminator (23,24). In particular, the coupling reaction occurred between the radical at 9-position and polymer chain radical can bound a reduced ITX residue onto the end of PMMA chain, namely polymer-bound reduced ITX residue, which is capable of re-initiating polymerization under UV irradiation or heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PMMA-containing ITX Residues and its Initiation for Synthesizing PMMA-b-PSt Copolymer

Meng

Liu

Yang

2009

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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In virtue of the reversible coupling and cleaving mechanism involved isopropylthioxanthone (ITX), a precursor of poly(methyl methacrylate) ended with ITX residues (PMMA-ITXH) was firstly synthesized through the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by a binary system of ITX and ethyl-p-dimethyl amino benzoate (EDAB), and secondly, applying this precursor as a macroinitiator, block copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene (PMMA-b-PSt) was produced through a thermal activated radical polymerization of styrene (St) at a temperature above 80 • C. The content of incorporation of the reduced ITX groups in the precursor was estimated by UV-vis spectrum analysis and the results indicated that it was greatly influenced by the ITX concentration in system. The presence of EDAB could promote the polymerization and result in high monomer conversions and low molecular weight of polymers with wide distributions, but had no evident effect on the incorporation of reduced ITX moieties in polymer. Furthermore, more monomer supplied in system was advantageous for the production of high molecular weight of polymers and provided apparently low content of reduced ITX residues in polymer. Using a selected precursor of PMMA-ITXH with a moderate level of reduced ITX residues, molecular weight and its distribution, the bulk polymerization of St was initiated. FTIR spectrum analysis and GPC measurement confirmed the formation of block copolymer of PMMA-b-PSt.

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Polymerization of methyl methacrylate photosensitized by benzophenones

Cited by 116 publications

References 4 publications

Copolymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate by successive photoinduced charge-transfer polymerization

Copolymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate by successive photoinduced charge-transfer polymerization

The effect of using mixed initiator systems on the efficiency of photopolymerization of dental resins

PMMA-containing ITX Residues and its Initiation for Synthesizing PMMA-b-PSt Copolymer

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