Polymerization of lactose by twin-screw extrusion to produce indigestible oligosaccharides

Tremaine, A.; Reid, Elizabeth M.; Tyl, Catrin; Schoenfuss, Tonya C.

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.12.013

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Acid hydrolysis of lactose results in the formation of glucose and galactose as main products where the reaction yields are 90–99%. Tremaine investigated the polymerization of lactose via extrusion to produce oligosaccharides having a prebiotic effect. Enzymatic catalysis of lactose also produces lactulose, lactobionic acid, and lactose–hydrolysis derivate.…”

Section: Lactose Production and Lactose Derivatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current approaches to expand the utilization of lactose include (a) conversion of whey solution containing lactose into renewable fuels and chemicals through hydrothermal processes and (b) use of lactose as raw material for the production of nutraceutical components . Modifications of lactose to increase its value as a food ingredient, nutraceuticals, or nutritive sweetener have also been a topic of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogenation of lactose for the production of lactitol

Cheng

Martínez‐Monteagudo

2018

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Because of its chemical structure, low‐cost production, and large‐scale production, lactose is a promising source for the production of sugar alcohols. Lactitol is the primary sugar alcohol derived from lactose through a set of chemical reactions known as catalytic hydrogenation. Reaction products are strongly dependent on the reaction conditions and catalyst type. The purpose of this review is to examine the production of lactitol through hydrogenation of lactose. Technological aspects of hydrogenation of lactose are examined, including primary and secondary reaction products, type of catalyst used, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, kinetic models, selectivity, and reaction mechanisms. Research in this area is not as advanced as enzymatic catalysis, and there are opportunities for further studies in the fields of reaction optimization and detailed characterization of products.

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Section: Lactose Production and Lactose Derivatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of lactose for the production of lactitol

Cheng

Martínez‐Monteagudo

2018

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The reactants are heated to melt glucose and provide favorable reaction conditions, while being held under vacuum, resulting in a loss of water and the formation of glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules or sorbitol (Rennhard, 1973;Tungland and Meyer, 2002). Polylactose, the polymerization of glucose and galactose using lactose as the primary ingredient, has been produced at the pilot plant scale (batch of ~14 kg) by reactive extrusion of lactose and glucose, using citric acid as the catalyst (Tremaine et al, 2014). Traditional acidcatalyzed melt polymerization of sugars to synthesize oligosaccharides under vacuum has been reported on a laboratory scale by various researchers Richards, 1991, 1993;Daines et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They believed this occurred because the melting point of lactose in the presence of various levels of citric acid was close to the sugar decomposition temperature, so polymerization could not occur as it can with glucose. Tremaine et al (2014) also noted that lactose did not melt readily during a short extrusion process, and that the addition of glucose greatly improved the process by reducing the melting temperature, allowing for polymerization during extrusion. To successfully produce oligosaccharides from lactose, Daines et al (2015) first used phosphoric acid to hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose in a microwave, followed by the traditional melt polymerization process under vacuum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final heating profile selected to simulate extrusion was a 14-min ramp time to 140°C at 1,800 W. Once the heating ramp time was complete, the product was immediately removed from the vessels, placed in disposable aluminum weighing dishes, and stored in a desiccator at room temperature until cool. We scaled up the polymerization of whey permeate powder (90%) and citric acid (10%) blend using the reactive extrusion method described in Tremaine et al (2014). The product was collected from the outlet of the extruder on metal baking sheets and allowed to cool to room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Short communication: Development of a rapid laboratory method to polymerize lactose to nondigestible carbohydrates

Kuechel

Schoenfuss

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Nondigestible carbohydrates with a degree of polymerization between 3 and 10 (oligosaccharides) are commonly used as dietary fiber ingredients in the food industry, once they have been confirmed to have positive effects on human health by regulatory authorities. These carbohydrates are produced through chemical or enzymatic synthesis. Polylactose, a polymerization product of lactose and glucose, has been produced by reactive extrusion using a twin-screw extruder, with citric acid as the catalyst. Trials using powdered cheese whey permeate as the lactose source for this reaction were unsuccessful. The development of a laboratory method was necessary to investigate the effect of ingredients present in permeate powder that could be inhibiting polymerization. A Mars 6 Microwave Digestion System (CEM Corp., Matthews, NC) was used to heat and polymerize the sugars. The temperatures had to be lowered from extrusion conditions to produce a caramel-like product and not decompose the sugars. Small amounts of water had to be added to the reaction vessels to allow consistent heating of sugars between vessels. Elevated levels of water (22.86 and 28.57%, vol/wt) and calcium phosphate (0.928 and 1.856%, wt/wt) reduced the oligosaccharide yield in the laboratory method. Increasing the citric acid (catalyst) concentration increased the oligosaccharide yield for the pure sugar blend and when permeate powder was used. The utility of the laboratory method to predict oligosaccharide yields was confirmed during extrusion trials of permeate when this increased acid catalyst concentration resulted in similar oligosaccharide concentrations.

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