Polymerization of lactams, 94. Formation of cyclic oligomers in anionic polymerization of 6-hexanelactam

Arnoldová, Petra; Prokopová, Irena; Bernat, Petr; Roda, Jan

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-9505(19990801)269:1<25::aid-apmc25>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The limiting, maximum achievable polymer content of these polymerizations is lower than that which corresponds to the equilibrium composition of the polymerization product at the given temperature. The interesting characteristic of activated [7] and also non-activated [8] anionic polymerizations of HL initiated by magnesium compounds is marked suppression of cyclization reactions in the course of polymerization comparing to the polymerization initiated with sodium salt of hexano-6-lactam. The formation of cyclic dimer is suppressed particularly strongly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of magnesium complexes in the anionic polymerization of hexano-6-lactam

Arnoldová¹,

Brus²,

Prokopová³

et al. 2006

E-Polymers

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Abstract:The course of anionic hexano-6-lactam polymerization initiated with magnesium compounds differs in some parameters from that initiated with lactam alkali salts. This may be attributed to the coordination of magnesium compounds with functional groups on polymer chains. Supposed coordination effects were proved on model compounds of N-ethylacetamide and N-butyryl-hexano-6-lactam with magnesium bromide. Based on interpretation of Raman and NMR spectra, the interaction between magnesium bromide and both types of ligands as an electron donating coordination of carbonyl groups was proposed. N-butyryl-hexano-6-lactam is more distinctly coordinated to magnesium atom through the carbonyl group located in the cyclic constitution unit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of magnesium complexes in the anionic polymerization of hexano-6-lactam

Arnoldová¹,

Brus²,

Prokopová³

et al. 2006

E-Polymers

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“…The main issue of this process is that the chemical reaction of the monomer, activator and catalyst is very sensitive to moisture [11][12][13]. If the reactive monomer melt adsorbs a critical amount of moisture, the polymerization reaction slows down or even stops completely [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Raw Materials for the T-RTM Process

et al. 2021

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The use of fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) has significant potential to reduce the weight of components. As regards the sustainability of these components, thermoplastic matrices offer more potential for recycling than thermoset ones. A possible manufacturing process for the production of thermoplastic FRPs is thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM). In this very moisture-sensitive process, ε-caprolactam in addition to an activator and catalyst polymerizes anionically to polyamide 6 (aPA6). The anionic polymerization of aPA6 is slowed down or even completely blocked by the presence of water. This study analyses the sorption behavior of the matrix, fiber, binder and core materials for the production of anionic polyamide 6 composites, which are processed in the thermoplastic RTM process. Water vapor sorption measurements are used to determine the adsorption and desorption behavior of the materials. The maximum moisture loading of the materials provides information about the water adsorption capacity of the material. This knowledge is crucial for correct handling of the materials to achieve a fast process and good properties of the final product.

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Introduction to Pyrrolidone and Caprolactam Chemistry

Chenault

2021

Handbook of Pyrrolidone and Caprolactam Based Materials

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Pyrrolidones and caprolactams are important structural components of solvents, surfactants, polymers, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. This chapter provides an introduction to the structure, conformation, physical properties and reactivity of pyrrolidones and caprolactams. It begins with an overview of the nomenclature of lactams since there are several systems of nomenclature in practice, plus common names and various syncretisms. Next, the structures of pyrrolidone and caprolactam are discussed, starting with the X-ray crystal structures of pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and caprolactam. The conformational flexibility and ring strain of the two ring systems are also covered.Physical properties, such as dipole moments, the enthalpies of formation, vaporization and fusion, boiling points and melting points, are described. An attempt is made to put the properties of pyrrolidones and caprolactams into context with those of other lactams, amides and even lactones and cyclic ketones. Brønsted and Lewis basicity, acidity, hydrogen bonding and solubility are covered.Finally, a brief description of the basic reactivity of pyrrolidones and caprolactams is given. Topics covered are N-, O-, and α-C-alkylation, hydrolysis, reactions with organometallics, reduction, oxidation, and ring-opening polymerization. The intent is to give a concise physical organic perspective on reactivity (and stability) more than an extended treatise on synthetic elaborations. Definition and Nomenclature of LactamsLactams are cyclic amides in which both the carbonyl carbon and nitrogen atom of the amide group are part of a ring. The name, lactam, is a portmanteau of lactone (cyclic ester) and amide.Nomenclature of lactams follows a variety of conventions (Figure 1 and Table 1). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends naming lactams as heterocyclic pseudoketones (IUPAC method 1) or by substituting lactam for the

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Polymerization of lactams, 94. Formation of cyclic oligomers in anionic polymerization of 6-hexanelactam

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Role of magnesium complexes in the anionic polymerization of hexano-6-lactam

Role of magnesium complexes in the anionic polymerization of hexano-6-lactam

Moisture Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Raw Materials for the T-RTM Process

Introduction to Pyrrolidone and Caprolactam Chemistry

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