Polymerization of GR-S at Low Temperatures

Howland, L. H.; Neklutin, V. C.; Provost, R. L.; Mauger, Frédéric

doi:10.1021/ie50522a040

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With lower amounts of complex and low peroxide levels normal (10 to 15 hour) rates were obtained but polymerizations were somewhat subject to dying out at higher conversions. Most recently Koithoff and Meehan have shown that hydrazine (5) and sulfide ion (6) can be used as reducing agents with the ferric complex to give good rates of polymerization with small amounts of iron in systems emulsified with fatty acid soap. Although these last two recipes are of considerable interest, they are too slow in polymerization wdth the rosin soaps used in a large proportion of GR-S polymerization or, in the case of the hydrazine recipe, are operative only at iron levels higher than those normally used even in regenerator-free recipes.…”

Section: Stress-strain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superfast GR-S Polymerization at 41° F.

Miller¹,

Diem²

1954

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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1065 take place if the waters were contaminated with radioactive materials. In addition, the water would come in contact with clay and soil particles in the bed or bottom of the stream or lake. Treatment of the water by coagulation would remove much of the radioactivity by removing the contaminated clay particles and also by coagulation per se. The effectiveness of a coagulation process in regard to radioactivity removal could undoubtedly be increased by either a preliminary slurrying with clay or the addition of rlay directly to the water during the coagulation step along with the coagulating chemicals.The removal of radioactive materials by clay slurrying is in the preliminary stage of investigation and there is definite need for more information, in order that the technique may be exploited to its best advantage and its limitations recognized.

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Section: Stress-strain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superfast GR-S Polymerization at 41° F.

Miller¹,

Diem²

1954

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…The preparation and handling of insoluble, air-sensitive ferropyrophosphate suspensions have always been troublesome, and the deleterious effects of iron compounds on raw GR-S stocks have been demonstrated (1), although vulcanízate properties appear to be only slightly affected. Although the polyamin'e-activated systems avoid these difficulties, the commercially available amines do not give satisfactory rates of polymerization with rosin soaps (8) except under conditions that are difficult to attain in large scale operations (3). Polyamines have also been found to contribute significantly to the discoloration of articles made from latex, an important factor in some applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate in GR-S Polymerization

Brown¹,

Bawn²,

Hansen³

et al. 1954

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Polymer Colloids

Takamura¹

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Typical industrial polymer colloids (also known as latexes) have 50–60% polymer content, with particles ranging in size from 100 nm to 250 nm in diameter dispersed in water. They are produced by the emulsion polymerization process, and are used for a wide range of industrial applications including paints, paper coatings, adhesives and carpet backing. Among these polymer colloids, styrene–butadiene copolymers, polyacrylates, and vinyl acetate homopolymers and copolymers account for 95% of the total production worldwide, which is expected to exceed 9 (dry) million metric tons in the year 2004. The polymer colloids transform into a polymer film upon drying at above the critical temperature, known as the minimum film forming temperature. Resultant films can be clear or opaque, hard or tacky, and plastic or elastic, depending upon the needs. Though the polymers are hardly visible, they provide critical properties in various industrial applications. This article discusses the relationship between three polymer parameters; electrokinetic properties, rheological properties and polymer particle morphology, as they correlate to industrial applications.

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Polymerization of GR-S at Low Temperatures

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Superfast GR-S Polymerization at 41° F.

Superfast GR-S Polymerization at 41° F.

Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate in GR-S Polymerization

Polymer Colloids

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