Polymerization Kinetics of Poly(amidoamine)s in Different Solvents

Manfredi, Amedea; Ranucci, Elisabetta; Suardi, Marco; Ferruti, Paolo

doi:10.1177/0883911507076453

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…are of a film with a very low ion concentration. No ions were present through an added salt and glycerol has an auto‐dissociation constant much lower than that of water thus auto‐disscociation of the solvent cannot contribute significantly to the concentration of cations and anions in the foam film . Figure shows that adding the salt NaI increases the amount of surfactant at the foam film surface as evident through the increase of the phosphorous concentration at the surface.…”

Section: Concentration Depth Profilesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Andersson

Morgner²

2017

Annalen der Physik

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Measuring directly the composition, the distribution of constituents as function of the depth and the orientation of molecules at liquid surfaces is essential for determining physicochemical properties of liquid surfaces. While the experimental tools that have been developed for analyzing solid surfaces can in principal be applied to liquid surfaces, it turned out that they had to be adjusted to the particular challenges imposed by liquid samples, e.g. by the unavoidable vapor pressure and by the mobility of the constituting atoms/molecules. In the present work it is shown, how electron spectroscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy have been used for analyzing liquid surfaces. The emphasis of this review is on using the structural information gained for determining the physicochemical properties of liquid surfaces.

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Section: Concentration Depth Profilesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Andersson

Morgner²

2017

Annalen der Physik

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“…Not surprisingly, the polyaddition reaction leading to PAAs is best performed, both in terms of attainable molecular weight and reaction rate, in water or, alternatively, alcohols whereas aprotic solvents are normally unsuitable [23]. The kinetics of the polymerization reaction of 2-methylpiperazine and 2,5-dimethylpiperazine with N,N′-bisacryloylpiperazine in water, methanol, ethylene glycol, formamide and dimethylformamide [23] demonstrated that in the protic solvents, 2-methylpiperazine polyaddition proceeded through a two-step mechanism, each of them involving one of the two sec-amine groups. The reaction rate constants related to these steps significantly differed because of the different steric hindrance induced by the neighboring groups.…”

Section: Synthetic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamidoamines: Versatile Bioactive Polymers with Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Ranucci¹,

Manfredi²

2019

Chemistry Africa

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Polyamidoamines (PAAs) are multifunctional polymers prepared from prim-or sec-amines by Michael-type polyaddition with bisacrylamides. The reaction is preferably carried out at room temperature in water and without added catalysts or organic solvents. The reaction is specific. The presence in the starting monomers of additional functions, leaving apart amine, thiol and phosphine groups, does not interfere with the polymerization process. Consequently, PAAs are a polymer class endowed with unusual structural versatility. Moreover, at pH > 7 they are hydrolytically degradable in aqueous media to harmless products mostly consisting of β-amino-propionic acids. Many PAAs are remarkably biocompatible notwithstanding their polycationic nature. These properties allow to prepare multifunctional polymeric structures suitable for many diversified applications in biotechnology, such as drug carriers, transfection promoters, antiviral and antimalarial agents, hydrogels scaffolds for tissue engineering. The objective of this paper is to fully report the PAA chemistry and the studied biotechnological applications of a vast PAA library.

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“…A source of protons is necessary to speed up the reaction and obtain high molecular weight products in reasonable time, whereas aprotic solvents are unsuitable as reaction media . A comparative kinetic study on the polyaddition kinetics of 2‐methylpiperazine and 2,5‐dimethylpiperazine with 1,4‐bisacryloylpiperazine, chosen as model PAA monomers, was performed in water, methanol, ethylene glycol, formamide, and dimethylformamide . In the protic solvents, the polyaddition involving 2‐methylpiperazine proceeded through a two‐step mechanism, each step involving one of the two different sec ‐amine groups, whose reaction constants were significantly different owing to the different steric hindrance by the neighboring groups.…”

Section: Synthetic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(amidoamine)s: Past, present, and perspectives

Ferruti

2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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122

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Poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) are a family of synthetic polymers obtained by stepwise polyaddition of prim-or sec-amines to bisacrylamides. Nearly all conceivable bisacrylamides and prim-or sec-amines can be employed as monomers endowing PAAs of a structural versatility nearly unique among stepwise polyaddition polymers. PAAs are degradable in aqueous media, including physiological fluids. Many of them are remarkably biocompatible notwithstanding their cationic character. PAAs are per se highly functional polymers and, in addition, can be further functionalized giving rise to an endless variety of polymeric structures meeting the requisites for applications in such apparently disparate fields as inorganic water pollutants scavengers, sensors, drug and protein intracellular carriers, transfection promoters, peptidomimetic antiviral and antimalarial agents. In this review, the unique chemistry of PAAs is discussed and a vast library of PAA structures and PAA applications from the beginning to the present days reported.

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Polymerization Kinetics of Poly(amidoamine)s in Different Solvents

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Polyamidoamines: Versatile Bioactive Polymers with Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Poly(amidoamine)s: Past, present, and perspectives

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