Polymerization kinetics of bicyclic amines

Razvodovskii, Ye.F.; Berlin, A.A.; Nekrasov, A. V.; Pushchayeva, L.M.; Puchkova, N.G.; Yenikolopyan, N.S.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(73)90009-9

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Naturally, the main purpose was the synthesis of SPEs appropriate for human administration without ill side effects. The previously discovered and studied in detail polymerization of sterically strained bicyclic amines with one ring opening was used for the synthesis of the starting macromolecules [17][18][19]. 1,4-diaminobicyclo(2,2,2)octane (DABCO) (triethylenediamine) was chosen as the starting monomer for several reasons (including technical economical parameters).…”

Section: Polyelectrolyte Immunostimulant For Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

From synthetic polyelectrolytes to polymer-subunit vaccines

Kabanov

2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The results of many years of collaborative research by chemists and immunologists in the area of application of synthetic polyelectrolytes in immunology are reviewed. Linear synthetic polyelectrolytes with diverse structures (which are not structural analogs of biopolymers and, hence, not antigenic because they are unknown to the immune system), when introduced into the organism, noticeably intensify the formation, migration, and dissemination of stem cells, which are precursors of all specialized cells including functional immune cells. In addition, synthetic polyelectrolytes, when introduced in mixtures with typical antigens (proteins, natural microbial polysaccharides, and their synthetic analogs), serve as immunostimulants enhancing immune response by several times. Moreover, individual bacterial or viral antigens, not sufficiently active by themselves, induce specific immune response enhanced by orders of magnitude if chemically bound to synthetic polyelectrolytes. Such conjugates being preliminarily administrated, protect organisms from absolutely mortal doses of the corresponding bacteria or viruses. The nontoxic immunostimulant was developed: the ternary copolymer of 1,4-ethylenepiperazine, 1,4-ethylenepiperazine-N-oxide, and (N-carboxymethylene)-1,4-ethylenepiperazinium bromide (brand name "polyoxidonium"™) permitted for human administration. The conjugate of polyoxidonium with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, protein subunits of influenza viruses, has appeared as the first non-Pasteurian vaccine, which now is successfully used in Russia (about 50 million immunized people for the last 7 years). The physicochemical mechanisms of the biological effect of these compounds and challenges of the further use of the approach developed are considered in the review.

show abstract

Section: Polyelectrolyte Immunostimulant For Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

From synthetic polyelectrolytes to polymer-subunit vaccines

Kabanov

2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1-Methylazetidine is more reactive than the trimethyl derivative but the is still small compared with k p and therefore, polymerization leads to high conversions. The polymerization of another azetidine, conidine, has been des cribed by Razvodoyskii and coworkers (10).…”

Section: Methods For the Determination Of K P /Kfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic Polymerization of Cyclic Amines

Goethals¹,

Schacht²,

Bruggeman³

et al. 1977

ACS Symposium Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is now generally accepted that the propagation reaction in the cationic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic amines is a nucleophilic attack of the monomer nitrogen on a strained cyclic ammoni um salt which is the active species of the growing macromolecule. The driving force of the polymerization is the relief of strain associated with the ring-opening of the active chain end. The resultant polymer molecules, however, also contain nucleophilic amino functions and therefore the polymer competes with monomer to react with the active species. This results in the formation of a (linear or cyclic) non-strained and therefore non-reactive ammoni um salt.With secondary cyclic amines (R=H), the proton on the terminated ammoni um salt as well as the proton on the active species can be transferred to other amino groups present in the mixture including monomer. Dimers and other low oligomers are therefore the initial products, and the final products are branched polymers containing a distribution of primary, secondary and tertiary amino functions (1, 2).With cyclic tertiary amines (R = alkyl), the formation of a non-strained ammoni um salt is a real termination reaction. If the rate of this termination reaction is not negligably small compared with the rate of the propagation, in other words if the ratio kp/kt is not very high, the polymerization will stop before 1

show abstract