Polymerization in solid solutions of acrylamide in propionamide

Adler, G.; Reams, W.

doi:10.1002/pol.1964.100020612

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This situation occurs in spite of the fact that many monomer units within these domains must have become ionized or excited by the incident radiation, and therefore be available as initiation centres for polymerization. Subsequent work (Adler and Reams 1960) has confirmed these early x-ray results. Even at low conversions (4%) there is a general weakening in the intensity of all the x-ray diffraction spots, with no systematic weakening of certain reflections, as might be expected if polymer growth in certain preferred directions imposed preferential strains on the remaining monomer crystalline lattice.…”

Section: Polymerization Associated With Crystal Defectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Only at lower concentrations does some residue of acrylamide monomer remain at high doses, and even a 2 % solid solution gives some polymer. It would appear difficult to obtain propagation chains of adequate length if a growing polymer chain within the lattice can only react with its nearest neighbours, when 96-98% of these are unreactive propionamide and diffusion of molecules as small as oxygen through the lattice is difficult (Adler 1962, USAEC T I D 7643, Brookhaven National Laboratory Report 6549). Adler and Reams suggest some degree of recrystallization at the interfaces between polymer and monomer crystal (where free space and strain energy are present) and even some degree of sublimation.…”

Section: Polymerization Associated With Crystal Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solid-state polymerization induced by radiation

Charlesby¹

1965

Rep. Prog. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contents 1. Introduction . 2. Early work. . 3. Reaction mechanisms in radiation-induced polymerization 4. Oriented polymer crystals . 5. Monomer orientation during polymerization 6. Explosive post-radiation polymerization . 7. Effect of phase change on post-radiation polymerization . 8. Polymerization associated with crystal defects . 9. Effect of pressure . . . 10. Polymerization rates of metal acrylates . 11. Orientation of monomer units along the polymer 12. Polymorphism . 13. Other monomers 14. General characteristics of solid-state polymerization. 14.1. Discussion , 14.2. Monomer reactivity in solid and liquid . 14.3. Reaction kinetics . 14.4. Monomer orientation within the solid . 14.5. Polymerization at very low temperatures . 14.6. Post-radiation polymerization . . , 15. Conclusions . Appendix .Analysis of limiting polymerization .

show abstract

Section: Polymerization Associated With Crystal Defectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Polymerization Associated With Crystal Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state polymerization induced by radiation

Charlesby¹

1965

Rep. Prog. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Radiation‐induced solid‐state copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acenaphthylene

Shimizu¹,

Hayashi²

1966

J. Polym. Sci. A‐1 Polym. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiation‐induced solid‐state copolymerization of the maleic anhydride–acenaphthylene system was carried out for the purpose of studying the solid‐state polymerization of vinyl compounds in a binary system. Melting point measurement confirmed that this binary monomer system forms a eutectic mixture in the solid state. The solid‐state polymerization of these monomers proceeds at maximum rate at the eutectic composition, and the polymerization products consist of a mixture of polyacenaphthylene and 1:1 maleic anhydride–acenaphthylene alternating copolymer. Since the 1:1 copolymer was obtained in solution polymerization also and maleic anhydride did not homopolymerize in solid state, it is considered that the solid‐state copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acenaphthylene occurs in a liquidlike state at the boundary of the two monomer crystals.

show abstract

The role of oxygen in solid‐state polymerization. I. Acrylamide and its solid solutions

Adler

1967

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been shown that the presence of oxygen has little effect on the ESR spectrum of acrylamide. On the other hand, the spectrum of propionamide is markedly changed and shows sharply increased decay rates with oxygen. The behavior of solid solutions of the two is intermediate and depends on the relative concentrations of the two materials. The polymerization is markedly decreased in the solid solutions when oxygen is present. The polymerization data are thus consistent with those derived from the ESR spectra. These effects are interpreted in terms of the crystal structure of the materials and the polymerization mechanism.

show abstract

Polymerization in solid solutions of acrylamide in propionamide

Abstract: It has previously been shown that the polymer formed in solid state polymerization of acrylamide is amorphous in spite of the fact that the reaction takes place within a crystalline solid. The stage at which it becomes amorphous is not known

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Solid-state polymerization induced by radiation

Solid-state polymerization induced by radiation

Radiation‐induced solid‐state copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acenaphthylene

The role of oxygen in solid‐state polymerization. I. Acrylamide and its solid solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About