Polymerization in black lipid membranes

Benz, Roland; Elbert, R.; Praß, Werner; Ringsdorf, Helmut

doi:10.1007/bf00263064

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…15,16,17,18 Benz et al pioneered the direct polymerization of lipid membranes as a method of stabilizing BLMs, and identified lipid compositions for developing synthetic ion channel-functionalized sensors. 16 Reactive chemical functionalities can be introduced into the structure of lipid amphiphiles during synthesis to allow cross-linking at the lipid headgroup or within the lipid tail. 17 The degree of cross-linking in polymeric membranes depends on the type of polymerizable lipid and method of polymerization used, and affects the fluidity and stability of the lipid membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methacrylate Polymer Scaffolding Enhances the Stability of Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Ion Channel Recordings and Biosensor Development

Bright¹,

Baker²,

Bränström

et al. 2015

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Black lipid membranes (BLMs) provide a synthetic environment that facilitates measurement of ion channel activity in diverse analytical platforms. The limited electrical, mechanical and temporal stabilities of BLMs pose a significant challenge to development of highly stable measurement platforms. Here, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) were partitioned into BLMs and photopolymerized to create a cross-linked polymer scaffold in the bilayer lamella that dramatically improved BLM stability. The commercially available methacrylate monomers provide a simple, low cost, and broadly accessible approach for preparing highly stabilized BLMs useful for ion channel analytical platforms. When prepared on silane-modified glass microapertures, the resulting polymer scaffold-stabilized (PSS)-BLMs exhibited significantly improved lifetimes of 23 ± 9 to 40 ± 14 h and > 10-fold increase in mechanical stability, with breakdown potentials > 2000 mV attainable, depending on surface modification and polymer cross-link density. Additionally, the polymer scaffold exerted minimal perturbations to membrane electrical integrity as indicated by mean conductance measurements. When gramicidin A and α-hemolysin were reconstituted into PSS-BLMs, the ion channels retained function comparable to conventional BLMs. This approach is a key advance in the formation of stabilized BLMs and should be amenable to a wide range of receptor and ion channel functionalized platforms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methacrylate Polymer Scaffolding Enhances the Stability of Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Ion Channel Recordings and Biosensor Development

Bright¹,

Baker²,

Bränström

et al. 2015

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…17,18,19,20,21 While polymerized BLMs offer unparalleled stability, their use is complicated by decreased membrane fluidity, which is required for ion channel insertion and activity. 18,20 Further, synthetic polymerizable lipids are costly to produce and few are commercially available, significantly limiting the widespread adoption of this approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Aperture Surface Energy Enhances Electrical, Mechanical, and Temporal Stability of Suspended Lipid Membranes

Bright

Baker

Agasid

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The development of next-generation transmembrane protein-based biosensors relies heavily on the use of black lipid membranes (BLMs); however, electrical, mechanical, and temporal instability of BLMs pose a limiting challenge to biosensor development. In this work, micron-sized glass apertures were modified with silanes of different chain length and fluorine composition, including 3-cyanopropyldimethychlorosilane (CPDCS), ethyldimethylchlorosilane (EDCS), n-octyldimethylchlorosilane (ODCS), (tridecafluoro 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrahydrooctyl)dimethylchlorosilane (PFDCS) or (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)dimethylchlorosilane (PFDDCS) to explore the effect of substrate surface energy on BLM stability. Low energy silane-modified surfaces promoted enhanced lipid-substrate interactions that facilitate the formation of low-leakage, stable BLMs. The surface energies of silane-modified substrates were 30 ± 3, 16 ± 1, 14 ± 2, 11 ± 1 and 7.1 ± 2 mJ m−2 for CDCS, EDCS, ODCS, PFDCS and PFDDCS, respectively. Decreased surface energy directly correlated to improved electrical, mechanical, and temporal BLM stability. Amphiphobic perfluorinated surface modifiers yielded superior performance compared to traditional hydrocarbon modifiers in terms of stability and BLM formation, with only marginal effects on BLM membrane permeability. Leakage currents obtained for PFDCS and PFDDCS BLMs were elevated only 10-30%, though PFDDCS modification yielded > 5-fold increase in electrical stability as indicated by breakdown voltage (> 2000 mV vs. 418 ± 73 mV), and > 25-fold increase in mechanical stability as indicated by air-water transfers (> 50 vs. 2 ± 0.2) when compared to previously reported CPDCS modification. Importantly, the dramatically improved membrane stabilities were achieved with no deleterious effects on reconstituted ion channel function as evidenced by α-hemolysin activity. Thus, this approach provides a simple, low cost and broadly applicable alternative for BLM stabilization and should contribute significantly towards the development of next-generation ion channel-functionalized biosensors.

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“…Benz and coworkers used dienoyl-containing lipids to study ionic transport in photopolymerized membranes and were successful in lengthening the lifetime from 1 hour before polymerization to between 4 and 5 hours post-polymerization 22. α-HL and gramicidin have been incorporated into partially polymerized membranes BLMs composed of diacteylenefunctionalized lipids 20, 21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerized Planar Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Single Ion Channel Recordings: Comparison of Several Dienoyl Lipids

Heitz

Jones

et al. 2011

Langmuir

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The stabilization of suspended planar lipid membranes, or black lipid membranes (BLMs), through polymerization of mono- and bis-functionalized dienoyl lipids was investigated. Electrical properties, including capacitance, conductance, and dielectric breakdown voltage, were determined for BLMs composed of mono-DenPC, bis-DenPC, mono-SorbPC, and bis-SorbPC both prior to and following photopolymerization, with diphytanoyl phosphocholine (DPhPC) serving as a control. Poly(lipid) BLMs exhibited significantly longer lifetimes and increased the stability to air-water transfers. BLM stability followed the order: bis-DenPC > mono-DenPC ≈ mono-SorbPC > bis-SorbPC. The conductance of bis-SorbPC BLMs was significantly higher than that of the other lipids, which is attributed to a high density of hydrophilic pores, resulting in relatively unstable membranes. The use of poly(lipid) BLMs as matrices for supporting the activity of an ion channel protein (IC) was explored using α – hemolysin (α-HL), a model IC. Characteristic i-V plots of α-HL were maintained following photopolymerization of bis-DenPC, mono-DenPC, and mono-SorbPC, demonstrating the utility of these materials for preparing more durable BLMs for single channel recordings of reconstituted ICs.

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Polymerization in black lipid membranes

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Methacrylate Polymer Scaffolding Enhances the Stability of Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Ion Channel Recordings and Biosensor Development

Methacrylate Polymer Scaffolding Enhances the Stability of Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Ion Channel Recordings and Biosensor Development

Decreased Aperture Surface Energy Enhances Electrical, Mechanical, and Temporal Stability of Suspended Lipid Membranes

Polymerized Planar Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Single Ion Channel Recordings: Comparison of Several Dienoyl Lipids

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