Polymerization and Copolymerization of Olefins and Acrylates by Bis(benzimidazole) Copper Catalysts

Olefin Polymerization with Non-metallocene Catalysts (Late Transition Metals)

“…Copper complexes with diimine and phenoxyimine ligands were reported to catalyze homopolymerization of ethylene and methyl methacrylate as well as the copolymerization of these monomers [210][211][212][213]. More recent investigation of the reaction, however, revealed that the aluminum complex, formed by the ligand exchange between the catalyst and cocatalyst, acts as the active species in all these polymerizations [214].…”

New Approaches in Precise Synthesis of Polyolefins Containing Polar Functionalities by Olefin Copolymerizations Using Transition Metal Catalysts

“…11 14 Direct conventional radical copolymerization of olefi n with polar monomers (exemplifi ed as copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl acetate) encounters diffi culties, not only because the copolymerization requires both ultra high pressure and temperature, but also because the copolymerization affords branched copolymers due to the radical migration accompanied; synthesis of the linear copolymers with controlled composition thus seems impossible. In contrast, it has been revealed that radical copolymerizations of olefi ns with polar monomers 18 22 by atom transfer radical (ATRP), 18,19 nitroxide mediated radical [as exemplifi ed by TEMPO (2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine 1 oxyl)], 20 and/or by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) 21 methods (Scheme 3) 23 took place rather effi ciently under mild conditions, affording the copolymers with uniform compositioins.…”

“…As the related example, 19 copper complex containing bis (benzimidazole) ligand exhibited high catalytic activities for copolymerization of ethylene with tert butylacrylate, affording high molecular weight copolymers. However, the copolymerization required high ethylene pressure, and it thus seems very diffi cult to obtain the copolymers with high ethylene contents.…”

Three Transition Metal Complexes Based on a Rigid Ligand Containing Bis(2-Benzimidazolyl) Groups: Syntheses and Crystal Structures

“…They exhibit not only wide-ranging antivirus activities [1,2] and achieved control of liver diseases [3], but also some potential applications as proton sponges [4], selective ion-exchange resins [5,6], polymerization catalysts [7,8], and agents to study electron transfer [9,10]. The coordination chemistry of these species have also been focused on, such as the usefulness as geometrically constraining ligands [11], supramolecular aggregates formed with transition metal ions [12,13], and modeling biological systems [14,15].…”