Polymeric Surfactants

Macromolecular surfactants for miniemulsion polymerization

“…Although miniemulsion polymerization has been considerably studied, the use of macromolecular surfactants has been examined only in a limited number of articles within the last ten years. For emulsion polymerization, there were reviews describing the use of macromolecular surfactants with various architectures [14][15][16][17] while for miniemulsion polymerization there has been, to the best of our knowledge, no attempt to summarize the available work.…”

Original diols from sunflower and ricin oils: Synthesis, characterization, and use as polyurethane building blocks

“…This approach is proven to be a very clean and efficient methodology to bring primary hydroxyl functions. 41 13 ), and (3e, R¼ (CH 2 CH 2 O) 45 ) were selected. The thiol-ene reaction was performed either by photochemical or thermal initiations.…”

“…The reaction conditions were optimized to achieve better purity of FAmE-diol by varying the ricin oil to 1,4-butanediol ratio, the catalyst concentration as well as the reaction temperature and reaction time. [41][42][43] These diols were differentiated as FAmE-1, FAmE-2, and FAmE-3 on the basis of the content of triglyceride left ( Table 1).…”

“…In the present study, we have synthesized a series of well-defined diols directly from ricin and sunflower oils using optimized sustainable chemical pathways that include trans-esterification, epoxidation, oxirane ring opening, and thiol-ene reactions. [41][42][43] The different diols and PUs were carefully characterized by FTIR, NMR (and NMR DOSY), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheometry. PUs obtained from these diols and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a comonomer showed various properties that strictly depend on the diol structure and purity.…”

Multi‐Functional Stabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization

“…Chemical modification of structurally complex macromolecules, like polysaccharides, was another approach. Macromolecular surfactants were obtained following two strategies: either by the attachment of hydrocarbon groups on native polysaccharides or by growing graft chains from polysaccharide backbone using a controlled polymerization (grafting from strategy) [6][7][8].…”