Polymeric nanoparticles for endodontic therapy

In recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly present in medicine, especially in dentistry. Their characteristics are proving to be very useful in clinical cases. Due to the intense research in the field of biomaterials and nanotechnology, the efficacy and possibilities of dental procedures have immensely expanded over the years. The nano size of materials allows them to exhibit properties not present in their larger-in-scale counterparts. The medical procedures in endodontics are time-consuming and mostly require several visits to be able to achieve the proper result. In this field of dentistry, there are still major issues about the removal of the mostly bacterial infection from the dental root canals. It has been confirmed that nanoparticles are much more efficient than traditional materials and appear to have superior properties when it comes to surface chemistry and bonding. Their unique antibacterial properties are also promising features in every medical procedure, especially in endodontics. High versatility of use of nanomaterials makes them a powerful tool in dental clinics, in a plethora of endodontic procedures, including pulp regeneration, drug delivery, root repair, disinfection, obturation and canal filling. This study focuses on summing up the current knowledge about the utility of nanomaterials in endodontics, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and provides a number of reasons why research in this field should be continued.

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“…Manuel Toledano et al [111] assessed the effectiveness of polymer nanoparticles doped with calcium (Ca-NP. ), Doxyckline (D-NP.)…”

Section: Nanopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics

et al. 2021

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“…It has been reported that using these solutions on root dentine produced structural dentine damage (Gu et al 2017), reduced dentine hardness and could lead to root fractures (Lynch & Burke, 2002, Saha et al 2017, Gu et al 2017). As a consequence, a root filled tooth is more likely to fracture (Baras et al 2019, Toledano et al 2020). To overcome these problems, it would be a powerful approach to incorporate substances into root canal sealers which are able to strengthen and prolong the antimicrobial effect, and also mechanically reinforce and remineralize root dentine (Baras et al 2019, Brezhnev et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These polymeric NPs can be loaded with calcium (Ca‐NPs), doxycycline (Dox‐NPs) or zinc (Zn‐NPs) and have been shown to be non‐toxic to fibroblasts (Osorio et al 2016a). When zinc‐doped NPs are applied as a primer to root canal walls, they are able to produce an effective seal, dentine collagen remineralization and mechanical reinforcement of dentine (Toledano et al 2020). Doxycycline and zinc loaded on NPs may also potentiate hard tissues regeneration when locally administrated, due to their anticollagenolytic effect by inhibiting dentine metalloproteinases (Osorio et al 2014, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doxycycline‐functionalized polymeric nanoparticles inhibit Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on dentine

et al. 2020

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Aim To evaluate in a laboratory setting the antimicrobial properties and the potential to inhibit biofilm formation of novel remineralizing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) when applied to dentine surfaces and to ascertain the effect of the functionalization of these NPs with zinc, calcium or doxycycline. Methodology The antimicrobial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation of polymeric NPs were analysed on human dentine blocks that were infected with Enterococcus faecalis before or after application of NPs. LIVE/DEAD ® testing under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and bacterial culturing were employed to analyse biofilm biovolume and bacterial viability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was also employed to assess biofilm morphology. One‐way anova with Welch’s correction and post hoc comparison by the Games–Howell test were performed for comparisons between groups. Results The un‐functionalized NPs displayed the greatest antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilms as they provided the lowest biovolume (3865.7 ± 2926.97 µm3; P < 0.001) and the highest dead/injured cells percentage (79.93 ± 18.40%; P < 0.001), followed by Dox‐NPs (biovolume: 19,041.55 ± 17,638.23 µm3, dead/injured cells: 45.53 ± 26.50%; P < 0.001). Doxycycline‐loaded NPs had the largest values of inhibition of biofilm formation with the lowest biofilm biovolume (8517.65 ± 7055.81 µm3; P < 0.001) and a high dead/injured bacterial percentage (68.68 ± 12.50%; P < 0.001). Un‐functionalized NPs did not reduce biomass growth (P > 0.05), but attained the largest percentage of compromised cells (93 ± 8.23%; P < 0.001), being able to disrupt biofilm formation. It also produced occlusion of dentinal tubules, potentially interfering with bacterial tubule penetration. Conclusions A new generation of bioactive nano‐fillers (doxycycline‐functionalized polymeric NPs) had antibacterial activity and occluded dentinal tubules. Incorporating these NPs into endodontic sealers may have the potential to enhance the outcome of root canal treatment.

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“…28 The effectiveness of calcium-and zinc-doped NPs in facilitating remineralization and reducing the permeability of dentin after endodontic treatment was evaluated. 29 Nanotechnology was applied in our aforementioned study to enhance the physicochemical properties of ProE, improve its penetration ability, and optimize its manipulation. Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with ProE to serve as nanocarrier (ProE-loaded NPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Egyptian Propolis-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Root Canal Nanosealer: Sealing Ability and in vivo Biocompatibility</p>

Raheem¹,

Razek²,

Elgendy³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Background: Successful endodontic therapy is mainly governed by the satisfactory sealing ability of the applied root canal sealer. Also, tolerability of root canal structure to accommodate the presence of a sealer participates in the efficiency of the treatment. Hence, this study was aimed to extrapolate our previous one that was concerned with the preparation and evaluation of novel nature-based root canal sealers. Our current work is focused on the evaluation of sealing ability and in vivo biocompatibility. Materials and Methods: Egyptian propolis was extracted (ProE) and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (ProE-loaded NPs). Two root sealers, PE sealer and PE nanosealer, were fabricated by incorporating ProE and ProE-loaded NPs, respectively. The sealing ability of the developed sealers was tested by a dye extraction method. An in vivo biocompatibility study was conducted using a subcutaneous implantation method for two and four weeks. At the same time, a model sealer (AH Plus®) was subjected to the same procedures to enable accurate and equitable results. Results: The teeth treated with PE sealer exhibited weak sealing ability which did not differ from that of unfilled teeth. PE nanosealer enhanced the sealing ability similarly to the model sealer with minimal apical microleakage. Studying in vivo biocompatibility indicated the capability of the three tested sealers to induce cell proliferation and tissue healing. However, PE nanosealer had superior biocompatibility, with higher potential for cell regeneration and tissue proliferation. Conclusion: PE nanosealer can be presented as an innovative root canal sealer, with enhanced sealing ability as well as in vivo biocompatibility. It can be applied as a substitute for the currently available sealers that demonstrate hazardous effects.

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Polymeric nanoparticles for endodontic therapy

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics

Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics

Doxycycline‐functionalized polymeric nanoparticles inhibit Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on dentine

<p>Egyptian Propolis-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Root Canal Nanosealer: Sealing Ability and in vivo Biocompatibility</p>

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