Polymeric nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanocarriers with various compositions and biological properties have been extensively applied for in vitro/in vivo drug and gene delivery. The family of nanocarriers includes polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based carriers (liposomes/micelles), dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and gold nanoparticles (nanoshells/nanocages). Among different delivery systems, polymeric carriers have several properties such as: easy to synthesize, inexpensive, biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic, non-toxic, and water soluble. In addition, cationic polymers seem to produce more stable complexes led to a more protection during cellular trafficking than cationic lipids. Nanoparticles often show significant adjuvant effects in vaccine delivery since they may be easily taken up by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Natural polymers such as polysaccharides and synthetic polymers have demonstrated great potential to form vaccine nanoparticles. The development of new adjuvants or delivery systems for DNA and protein immunization is an expanding research field. This review describes polymeric carriers especially PLGA, chitosan, and PEI as vaccine delivery systems.

Physicochemical properties of polymers: An important system to overcome the cell barriers in gene transfection

“…Our studies also showed that the mixture of a plasmid DNA harboring human papillomavirus experiments indicated that the use of PEI600-Tat conjugates with low cytotoxicity was more potent than the two components without chemical linkage [131][132][133][134][135] .…”

Vaccination for Disease Prevention and Control: the Necessity of Renewed Emphasis and New Approaches

“…liposomes, [16] colloidal polymers and nano-particles. [17–19] The biotechnologies for using these materials as safe and effective vaccine carriers have been under study for some time. Still ongoing is the new strategy to develop Leishmania as the first eukaryotic vehicle for vaccine delivery on the basis of their unique properties, e. g. the efficacy of protecting vaccine payload and homing to antigen-presenting cells and their safety by photodynamic inactivation with reactive oxygen species.…”

Multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy

“…28,29 Additionally, these carriers can also be designed as low toxicity systems with suitable physical and chemical structures and specific targeting properties for delivery of cancer vaccines. 11,30 To this end, understanding the interactions between nanomaterials and DCs is important in the field of immunotherapy. It is necessary to consider the properties of NPs in terms of composition, adjuvant activity, size, surface properties to fabricate vaccine delivery carriers.…”