Polymeric Nanogels as Versatile Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Nanomaterials have found extensive biomedical applications in the past few years because of their small size, low molecular weight, larger surface area, enhanced biological, and chemical reactivity. Among these nanomaterials, nanogels (NGs) are promising drug delivery systems and are composed of cross-linked polymeric nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 200 nm. NGs represent an innovative zone of research with speedy developments taking place on a daily basis. An incredible amount of focus is placed on the fabrication of NGs with novel polymers to achieve better control over the drug release. This review article covers a number of aspects of NGs including their types, associated pros and cons, and methods of preparation along with technical and economical superiority and therapeutic efficacy over each other. The last part of review summarizes the applications of NGs in the drug delivery and treatment of various diseases including brain disease, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress, diabetes, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, gene therapy, inflammatory disorders, pain management, ophthalmic and autoimmune diseases, and their future challenges. NGs appear to be an outstanding nominee for drug delivery systems, and further study is required to explore their interactions at the cellular and molecular levels.

Particle and Gel Characterization of Irinotecan-Loaded Double-Reverse Thermosensitive Hydrogel

“…One such strategy is the use of biomedical and biocompatible polymers, including natural and synthetic polymers (for instance, hyaluronic acid, carbopol, chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol), and poloxamers). These polymers are certainly the most suitable materials beside the lipids for developing targeted nanosystems [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Additionally, numerous novel nanotechnology-based polymeric drug delivery systems are presently under clinical trials for the treatment of different human tumors [ 6 ].…”

Thermoresponsive Nanogels of Modified Poly((di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-co-(2-aminoethyl methacrylate))s

“…The chromatograms are shown in Figure 1a. molar ratio of D to A in the polymerization mixture, 2 molar masses calculated from the mole ratio of comonomers to initiator in the polymerization mixture, 3 measured by HPLC, 4 As can be seen, the chromatograms were monomodal and narrow for each copolymer obtained (Figure 1a). For each synthesis, the conversion of the D and A units, measured via HPLC, reached no more than 50 ± 10%.…”

“…Nanogels are three-dimensional networks that tend to adsorb water or physiological fluid without a change in their internal structure. They can be used as biosensors, cell culture systems, and recently quite often as drug delivery systems [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. They have high stability, drug loading ability, biologic consistency, and can be responsive to environmental stimuli.…”

Recent Biomedical Approaches for Chitosan Based Materials as Drug Delivery Nanocarriers

“…These stimuli can be natural, in the body, or can be applied from outside the body in order to guide a nanocarrier to the specific target or to be activated it at a specific tissue [ 57 ]. The applicability of the stimuli-responsive NGs includes mainly cancer or inflammation conditions [ 58 ]. The chemical functionalization of CS with a targeting ligand (e.g., galactose, folic acid for tumor cell target) was also proposed for targeted drug delivery, especially anticancer drugs delivery [ 59 ].…”