Polymeric materials for devices in optical fibre systems

Blythe, A.R.; Vinson, John R.

doi:10.1002/1099-1581(200008/12)11:8/12<601::aid-pat10>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…7 The use of organic polymers in optical waveguide devices, particularly for applications in optical networks based on wavelength division multiplexing, has been actively pursued in the last decade because of their ease of processing, low cost and good compatibility for integration with semiconductor components. [8][9][10][11] Optical thin films contribute to reducing the volume occupied by lenses in optical assemblies, which can advantageously make an optical apparatus lightweight and small. 12 A high refractive index was accomplished with organic polymers that are advantageous for easy and not expensive mass production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Highly refractive materials generally exhibit a small Abbe's number. [8][9][10][11] Sulfur-containing polymers are presumed to have a high refractive index from the Lorentz-Lorentz equation, [8][9][10][11][12] because of high atomic refraction of the sulfur atom. Okubo et al reported on such optical polymers prepared from the polymerization of 2,5-bis(2-thia-3-butenyl)-1,4-dithiane, the polyaddition of oligo[2,5-bis(thiomethyl)-1,4-dithiane] and di-or triisocyanates, 15 and episulfide-type copolymers exhibiting high refractive indices and high Abbe's numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High refractive index of transparent acrylate polymers functionalized with alkyl sulfur groups

Maheswara

et al. 2009

Polym J

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Several sulfur-containing acrylate polymers were developed for a high refractive index with high transparency and good processing performance for thin films. A series of poly(methacrylate)s were synthesized by radical polymerization, in which thin films are coated on a quartz substrate for optical characterization. One, two and three sulfur atoms were bound into acrylate monomers and thermally copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. An alicyclic structure was used to achieve a dense molecular volume of the sulfur-containing monomer. Refractive index was measured under visible light. The index linearly increased with the sulfur-containing monomer content of the copolymer. Each homopolymer was predicted by an extrapolation method, resulting in a high refractive index of 1.624-1.725 at 589 nm. An Abbe's number of B30 was recorded for most sulfur polymers, indicating low wavelength dispersion of the index. A polymer with dipolar functionality displayed an Abbe's number of 40.9. High optical transparency of films was observed at the wavelengths of the index measurement. All polymers were thermally stable up to B250 1C and exhibited glass transition around 100 1C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index of transparent acrylate polymers functionalized with alkyl sulfur groups

Maheswara

et al. 2009

Polym J

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“…Such polymers exhibit high potential for optical communication applications due to their advantages over conventional glass materials, like low weight, flexibility, easiness to handle and high transparency at the transmission wavelengths (i.e. visible and near infrared) [7][8][9][10][11][12] . The use of amorphous copolymers for both core and cladding of polymeric optical waveguides (POW) is on particular interest to tune the refractive index linked to the numerical aperture (NA) of the waveguide and to avoid compatibility problem at core/cladding interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical copolymerization of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl α‐fluoroacrylate and tert‐butyl α‐trifluoromethylacrylate: Thermal and optical properties of the copolymers

Cracowski

Montembault

Hardy

et al. 2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Copolymers based on 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl -fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE) and 2,2,2-trichlororoethyl -fluoroacrylate (FATRICE) were synthesized in good yields by radical process initiated by tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylperoxypropanoate. Molar composition of the obtained poly(FATRIFE-co-FATRICE) copolymers were assessed by means of 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reactivity ratios, r i , of both comonomers were determined from the Kelen-Tüdos method (r FATRIFE = 0.56 ± 0.01 and r FATRICE = 0.11 ± 0.01 at 74°C) showing that FATRIFE is the more reactive monomer. Thermal and optical properties of the resulting polymers were examined. Thermogravimetric analyses showed good thermal stability, thermal decomposition occurring from 300 °C to 310 °C for all copolymers. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of copolymers varied from 113 °C to 127 °C, increasing with the molar ratio of FATRICE in the copolymers. The refractive indices were measured at 633, 1320 and 1550 nm, ranging from 1.375 to 1.4812 at 1550 nm and were found to increase linearly with the chlorine content of the copolymer, allowing a precise control of the refractive index.

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“…They have advantages over conventional glass materials because of their light weight, flexibility, easiness to handle, and high optical transparency at the transmission wavelengths and low cost [1][2][3][4][5]. Polymer optical waveguides (POWs) devices will play a key role in broadband communications, such as optical networking, metropolitan/access communications, and computing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%