Polymeric insulation for high-voltage dc extruded cables: challenges and development directions

Li, Zhonglei; Du, B. X.

doi:10.1109/mei.2018.8507715

Cited by 95 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It can also be noted that the distribution for the copolymer blend is shifted to higher energies compared to LDPE and XLPE indicating the presence of deeper traps. The latter results in reduction of the conductivity, suppression of space charge accumulation and leads to higher thermal activation energies for electric conduction [1], which is in agreement with activation energies extracted from DC conductivity measurements (Figure 7). Here, v is the attempt to escape frequency.…”

Section: Trap Energy Distributionssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As known [1,2,39], the temperature dependence of DC conductivities of polymeric insulation materials can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation. σ = σ0 exp(−EA/kBT),…”

Section: Activation Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High voltage direct current (HVDC) cables play a crucial role in modern power transmission systems allowing for transporting bulk energy over long distances with low transmission losses. In parallel with the development of new HVDC technologies, cable insulations have undergone extensive material development to meet the requirements of increased operating voltage levels, which nowadays reach 640 kV [1][2][3][4]. The choice of materials for insulation of such cables has mainly concentrated on crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) due to the optimal combination of its electrical insulating performance, thermomechanical properties and chemical stability [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By today, the material manufacturing technology has reached a stage where a further increase in the cleanliness is not feasible mainly due to the high cost [3]. Despite these difficulties, researchers and developers are working on further development of XLPE for HVDC applications [1][2][3][4][5]8]. The activities in this area are mainly directed towards improving purity [9,10], adding organic additives/voltage stabilizers [11,12] and nanofillers [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other materials such as polyethylene-based nanocomposites [5,17,18], polypropylene (PP) [19][20][21][22], ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) [23,24] and polymer blends [25][26][27] have also received attention as potential substitutes for XLPE. Even though these materials have been found to exhibit some desired properties, e.g., ultralow conductivities [28], in-depth electrical characterization is essential before commercial HVDC applications [1,2] can be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Characterization of a New Crosslinked Copolymer Blend for DC Cable Insulation

Kumara

Hammarström

et al. 2020

Energies

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To design reliable high voltage cables, clean materials with superior insulating properties capable of operating at high electric field levels at elevated temperatures are required. This study aims at the electrical characterization of a byproduct-free crosslinked copolymer blend, which is seen as a promising alternative to conventional peroxide crosslinked polyethylene currently used for high voltage direct current cable insulation. The characterization entails direct current (DC) conductivity, dielectric response and surface potential decay measurements at different temperatures and electric field levels. In order to quantify the insulating performance of the new material, the electrical properties of the copolymer blend are compared with those of two reference materials; i.e., low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and peroxide crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). It is found that, for electric fields of 10–50 kV/mm and temperatures varying from 30 °C to 70 °C, the DC conductivity of the copolymer blend is in the range of 10−17–10−13 S/m, which is close to the conductivity of crosslinked polyethylene. Furthermore, the loss tangent of the copolymer blend is about three to four times lower than that of crosslinked polyethylene and its magnitude is on the level of 0.01 at 50 °C and 0.12 at 70 °C (measured at 0.1 mHz and 6.66 kV/mm). The apparent conductivity and trap density distributions deduced from surface potential decay measurements also confirmed that the new material has electrical properties at least as good as currently used insulation materials based on XLPE (not byproduct-free). Thus, the proposed byproduct-free crosslinked copolymer blend has a high potential as a prospective insulation medium for extruded high voltage DC cables.

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Section: Trap Energy Distributionssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As known [1,2,39], the temperature dependence of DC conductivities of polymeric insulation materials can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation. σ = σ0 exp(−EA/kBT),…”

Section: Activation Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Characterization of a New Crosslinked Copolymer Blend for DC Cable Insulation

Kumara

Hammarström

et al. 2020

Energies

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Polymer Composites for Power Cable Insulation

Sekiguchi

2021

Polymer Composites for Electrical Engineering

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Polypropylene‐based soft ternary blends for power cable insulation at low‐to‐high temperature

Hong

Lee

Han

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Although cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used as a power cable insulation material in electricity infrastructure for decades, it is necessary to find alternatives that exhibit higher performance than XLPE to meet the increasing demand of the industry. To this end, polypropylene (PP) ternary blends that are soft and exhibit high temperature stability were fabricated by melt blending isotactic PP, ethylene-1-octene polyolefin elastomer and ethylene-propylene random copolymer. These blends exhibited improved higher impact resistance at low temperatures (À40 C) and room temperature than pristine iPP. The blends were mechanically stable even when the temperature was increased to ~120 C, unlike XLPE that exhibited rapid degradation of its modulus above ~90 C. Moreover, the soft ternary blends exhibited increased direct current volume resistivity and breakdown strength. Our work realizes the development of high-performance insulators for power cables that can be used over a wide range of temperatures from cold to hot environments.

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Polymeric insulation for high-voltage dc extruded cables: challenges and development directions

Cited by 95 publications

References 83 publications

Electrical Characterization of a New Crosslinked Copolymer Blend for DC Cable Insulation

Electrical Characterization of a New Crosslinked Copolymer Blend for DC Cable Insulation

Polymer Composites for Power Cable Insulation

Polypropylene‐based soft ternary blends for power cable insulation at low‐to‐high temperature

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