Polymeric foams for cryogenic temperature application: Temperature range for non-recovery and brittle-fracture of microstructure

Park, Seong-Bo; Lee, Chi‐Seung; Choi, Sung Woong; Kim, Jeong‐Hyeon; Bang, Chang-Seon; Lee, Jae-Myung

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.10.002

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…High elastic materials, such as silicone rubbers and polymeric foams, also have temperature-dependent elasticity ( 10 , 21 ). Typically, below their glass transition temperatures, they become hardened and even brittle ( 57 ). Thus, the temperature-invariant elasticity of our 3DGraphene foam is completely different from conventional materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers ( 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-elasticity of three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials all the way to deep cryogenic temperatures

et al. 2019

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Until now, materials with high elasticity at deep cryogenic temperatures have not been observed. Previous reports indicated that graphene and carbon nanotube–based porous materials can exhibit reversible mechano-elastic behavior from liquid nitrogen temperature up to nearly a thousand degrees Celsius. Here, we report wide temperature–invariant large-strain super-elastic behavior in three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials that persists even to a liquid helium temperature of 4 K, a property not previously observed for any other material. To understand the mechanical properties of these graphene materials, we show by in situ experiments and modeling results that these remarkable properties are the synergetic results of the unique architecture and intrinsic elastic/flexibility properties of individual graphene sheets and the covalent junctions between the sheets that persist even at harsh temperatures. These results suggest possible applications for such materials at extremely low temperature environments such as those in outer space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-elasticity of three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials all the way to deep cryogenic temperatures

et al. 2019

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“…As shown in Figure 12c, the shape structure including the cell wall was relatively well maintained. However, unlike the fracture mechanism at 25 °C, most cell windows were torn at −163 °C [57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Test Method

et al. 2019

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Polyurethane foam (PUF), a representative insulation material, not only prevents heat conduction but can also support a load. Particular interest in rigid PUF proliferated over the past several years in fields where extreme environments are applied. A closed-cell structure which forms the interior of rigid PUF serves to maximize the utilization of these polymeric foams. Rigid PUF is more sensitive to external conditions such as temperature or restraint than other structural materials such as steel. Depending on the market trends in which utilization of a cryogenic environment is expanding, the tendency of material behavior resulting from the binding effect also needs to be investigated. However, most conventional compression test method standards applicable to rigid PUF do not adequately reflect the restraints. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating the mechanical performance of materials in a more reliable manner than that of conventional tests. Experimental observation and analysis validated this compression evaluation method in which constraints are considered. Consequently, the compressive strength of rigid PUF compared to the results of the conventional test showed a difference of up to 0.47 MPa (approximately 23%) at cryogenic temperatures. This result suggests that there are important factors to consider when assessing performance from a material perspective in an environment where rigid PUF insulation is utilized. It is believed that the test methods newly proposed in this study will provide an experimental framework that can be applied to the evaluation criteria of material properties and reflected in structural design.

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“…In general, a saddle support is installed in the case of the conventional cylindrical tank; however, such support is unnecessary when manufacturing the support as a cuboid box, and this aspect can help prevent heat loss. PUF, synthesized with polyol and isocyanate [34,35], was expanded in a plywood box mold. The density of the applied PUF was 96 kg/m 3 , to ensure the required insulation performance.…”

Section: Experiments Details 21 Design and Manufacturing Of The Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Prediction of the Boil-Off Rate of Independent-Type Storage Tanks

Lee

Cha²,

Kim

et al. 2021

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Because environmentally-friendly fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are primarily stored in the form of cryogenic liquids to enable efficient transportation, the demand for cryogenic fuel (LNG, LH) ships has been increasing as the primary carriers of environmentally-friendly fuels. In such ships, insulation systems must be used to prevent heat inflow to the tank to suppress the generation of boil-off gas (BOG). The presence of BOG can lead to an increased internal pressure, and thus, its control and prediction are key aspects in the design of fuel tanks. In this regard, although the thermal analysis of the phase change through a finite element analysis requires less computational time than that implemented through computational fluid dynamics, the former is relatively more error-prone. Therefore, in this study, a cryogenic fuel tank to be incorporated in ships was established, and the boil-off rate (BOR), measured considering liquid nitrogen, was compared with that obtained using the finite element method. Insulation material with a cubic structure was applied to the cylindrical tank to increase the insulation performance and space efficiency. To predict the BOR through finite element analysis, the effective thermal conductivity was calculated through an empirical correlation and applied to the designed fuel tank. The calculation was predicted to within 1% of the minimum error, and the internal fluid behavior was evaluated by analyzing the vertical temperature profile according to the filling ratio.

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Polymeric foams for cryogenic temperature application: Temperature range for non-recovery and brittle-fracture of microstructure

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Super-elasticity of three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials all the way to deep cryogenic temperatures

Super-elasticity of three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials all the way to deep cryogenic temperatures

Variation of Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Test Method

Practical Prediction of the Boil-Off Rate of Independent-Type Storage Tanks

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