Polymeric Films Containing Tenoxicam as Prospective Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Design and Characterization

Abstract

The administration of drugs via transdermal therapeutic systems has become an attractive form of therapeutic approach, considering its advantages and the high patient compliance achieved, making them a viable alternative, especially in the treatment of chronic diseases. The purpose of our study was the development of polymer-based films containing tenoxicam (TX) and the analysis of dissolution kinetics. Auxiliary substances represent an important part of pharmaceutical forms, so during the first stage, TX and excipient compatibility were verified. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed on TX and on physical mixtures of TX-HPMCE5 and TX-HPMC15kcP. Three polymeric films of TX (TX1, TX2, and TX3) were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique. Release studies were done at 32 °C ± 1 °C with a Franz diffusion cell. The results of the DSC and FT-IR analyses demonstrated the compatibility of the active substance with the two matrix-forming polymers. The results obtained in the release studies of TX from the proposed polymeric films suggested a pH-dependent behavior in all three polymeric films. At pH 5.5, flux values were between 8.058 ± 0.125 μg·cm−2·h−1 and 10.850 ± 0.380 μg·cm−2·h−1; and at pH 7.4, between 10.990 ± 0.2.490 μg·cm−2·h−1 and 53.140 ± 0.196 μg·cm−2·h−1. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model described a non-Fickian transport mechanism. The n values varied between 0.63–0.7 at pH 5.5 and 0.73–0.86 at pH 7.4, which suggested a diffusion depending on the matrix hydration and polymer relaxation.

Transdermal Patches Containing Opioids in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Pain

“…TDD is a non-invasive and painless way to administer active ingredients at a predetermined rate across the dermis to achieve a local or systemic effect; it consists of the application of a pharmacological formulation (generally a transdermal patch containing the active ingredients) on intact skin [23][24][25][26][27]. On the other hand, the treatment of damaged skin is different; in this case, we speak of wound healing [28][29][30][31].…”

Perspective Impact of Gelling Agents on the Mechanistic Behavior for the Topical Delivery of Flufenamic Acid Nano-Ethosomal Dispersion

“…46 The same characteristic peaks of FA were presented in the physical mixture (FA, PC, cholesterol and carbopol 934 in ratio 1:1:1:1) with less intensity and in the selected nano ethogel G1 with little or no shifting (as demonstrated graphically in Figure 3 with the absence of new peaks formation, proving the compatibility and uniformity of the FA with the excipients in selected ethogel formula. 47,48 Human Skin Irritation Test (In vivo study)…”

Design and Characterisation of New Dermal Polymeric Films for Treatment of Inflammatory Pain

“…Different types of diffusion cells are described each with different dimensions (the diffusion surface available has a diameter between 0.3 and 5.0 cm 2 ; a volume of the receptor solution between 2 and 20 mL), all having in common both an acceptor media and a donor media [1][2][3][4]. The Franz diffusimetric cell can be used in most of the studies that aim to establish the cutaneous permeability of some APIs [9][10][11]. The method that uses the vertical Franz cell enables the determination of the API released from a sample which in accordance with the 428 OECD/ OCDE specifications is deposited on a membrane (donor compartment).…”

“…The method that uses the vertical Franz cell enables the determination of the API released from a sample which in accordance with the 428 OECD/ OCDE specifications is deposited on a membrane (donor compartment). After the diffusion through the membrane's pores, the API is crossing the membrane in the acceptor compartment from where it can be quantified by applying a suitable dosage method for the selected API [9][10][11][12][13]. Among the most important parameters that are taken into consideration whilst using the Franz cell is the provision of a corresponding seal of the membrane and the analysed formulation, a good homogeneity of the receptor solution (found under the membrane), easy sampling at different time intervals and corresponding control of the temperature during the determinations.…”