Polymeric Dental Nanomaterials: Antimicrobial Action

Abstract

This review aims to describe and critically analyze studies published over the past four years on the application of polymeric dental nanomaterials as antimicrobial materials in various fields of dentistry. Nanoparticles are promising antimicrobial additives to restoration materials. According to published data, composites based on silver nanoparticles, zinc(II), titanium(IV), magnesium(II), and copper(II) oxide nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, calcium phosphate or fluoride nanoparticles, and nanodiamonds can be used in dental therapy and endodontics. Composites with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass proved to be of low efficiency for application in these fields. The materials applicable in orthodontics include nanodiamonds, silver nanoparticles, titanium(IV) and zinc(II) oxide nanoparticles, bioactive glass, and yttrium(III) fluoride nanoparticles. Composites of silver nanoparticles and zinc(II) oxide nanoparticles are used in periodontics, and nanodiamonds and silver, chitosan, and titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles are employed in dental implantology and dental prosthetics. Composites based on titanium(IV) oxide can also be utilized in maxillofacial surgery to manufacture prostheses. Composites with copper(II) oxide nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes are promising materials in the field of denture prosthetics. Composites with calcium(II) fluoride or phosphate nanoparticles can be used in therapeutic dentistry for tooth restoration.

Nanomaterials in Dentistry: Current Applications and Future Scope

“…Preventive dentistry applies a functional approach to treatment, where the root cause of the symptoms is treated. Many metal NPs documented in past literature have shown enormous potential as antimicrobial in treating tooth decay or other dental ailments [ 8 ]. Dental experts also emphasize preventing tooth decay by inhibiting caries through controlling biofilm, enhancing remineralization, or providing antibacterial prevention to the oral cavity [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…These can be classified primarily into four groups such as metals, ceramics (carbons, ceramic lenses, and glasses), metals, and polymers [ 7 ]. Polymers can further be divided into synthetic or natural products (both plant and animal products) [ 8 ]. With the emergence of eco-friendly and green chemistry, increased demand for natural polymers has been witnessed.…”

Nanoparticle-Containing Wound Dressing: Antimicrobial and Healing Effects

“…The large surface area and the ultra-fine size, low toxicity and biocompatibility provide the high potential for the use of nanoparticles in the biomedical field [ 1 , 2 ], in dental restorative materials [ 3 , 4 ], in pharmacology as carriers for targeted drug delivery [ 5 , 6 ] including cancer drugs [ 7 ]. At the same time, many nanoparticles also show antibacterial action.…”

Enhancement of Anticorrosive Performance of Cardanol Based Polyurethane Coatings by Incorporating Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

“…Previous reports are available on the use of hydroxyapatite (HAP) for bone tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and as filler for composites coatings. Even HAP modified with silver was used in the formulation of antibacterial composite coatings [ 33 ] as bone substitutes [ 34 ], drug and protein carriers [ 35 ], dental implants [ 36 ], etc. Additionally, magnetically modified HAP was utilized in the removal of heavy metals such as uranium (VI) [ 37 ], lead ion [ 38 ], cadmium (II) [ 39 ], copper, nickel [ 40 ], and other pollutants for the water [ 41 ].…”