Polymeric Compounds of Lingonberry Waste: Characterization of Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Polysaccharides and Polyphenol-Polysaccharide Conjugates from Vaccinium vitis-idaea Press Cake

Abstract

Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) fruits are important Ericaceous berries to include in a healthy diet of the Northern Hemisphere as a source of bioactive phenolics. The waste generated by the V. vitis-idaea processing industry is hard-skinned press cake that can be a potential source of dietary fiber and has not been studied thus far. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides of V. vitis-idaea press cake were isolated, separated, and purified by ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The results of elemental composition, monosaccharide analysis, ultraviolet–visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, molecular weight determination, linkage analysis, and alkaline destruction allowed us to characterize two polyphenol–polysaccharide conjugates (PPC) as neutral arabinogalactans cross-linked with monomeric and dimeric hydroxycinnamate residues with molecular weights of 108 and 157 kDa and two non-esterified galacturonans with molecular weights of 258 and 318 kDa. A combination of in vitro and in vivo assays confirmed that expressed antioxidant activity of PPC was due to phenolic-scavenged free radicals, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and chelate ferrous ions. Additionally, marked hypolipidemic potential of both PPC and acidic polymers bind bile acids, cholesterol, and fat, inhibit pancreatic lipase in the in vitro study, reduce body weight, serum level of cholesterol, triglycerides, low/high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and malondialdehyde, and increase the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the livers of hamsters with a 1% cholesterol diet. Polysaccharides and PPC of V. vitis-idaea fruit press cake can be regarded as new antioxidants and hypolipidemic agents that can be potentially used to cure hyperlipidemic metabolic disorders.

Inquiry lipaseoring the mechanism of pancreatic lipase inhibition by isovitexin based on multispectral method and enzyme inhibition assay

“…UV–visible absorption spectra can be used to investigate changes in the ultraviolet absorption of chromophores in amino acids and thus verify the mechanism of interaction between isovitexin and PL [49]. PL contains tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine, which gives it a maximum absorption wavelength of approximately 260 nm [50]. The absorption peak near 250–280 nm decreased with increasing concentration of isovitexin, and a red shift occurs near 260 nm (Figure 2 ) .…”

“…PL contains tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine, which gives it a maximum absorption wavelength of approximately 260 nm [50]. The absorption peak near 250-280 nm decreased with increasing concentration of isovitexin, and a red shift occurs near 260 nm (Figure 2).…”

Experimentally Histological Assessment for the Effect of Resveratrol in the Liver of Mice

“…In liver disorders various studies demonstrated and confirmed its anti-oxidative properties in different model of hepatitis resulting in obvious reduction in the hepatic fibrosis; on the other hand it could reduce hepatic stenosis [17][18][19].…”

Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants: Bridging Ancestral Knowledge with Contemporary Science

“…Olennikov et al [83] extracted and purified different fractions of polysaccharide fractions from Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Lingonberry) waste. After further purification of the most antioxidant fraction, the authors found and described two distinct classes of polymers, with two representatives in each: (1) polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates, with a neutral arabinogalactan backbone (suggested as linear 1-3-Galp with O-6 bound 1-3-Araf ) and hydroxycinnamoyl fragments (mainly sinapic and ferulic acids), and (2) mainly acidic pectin polysaccharides (1-4-GalpA).…”

“…After the conjugates performed much better in vitro on antioxidant potential for DPPH, ABTS, O 2 -and OH-, and had a better bile-acid-binding potential, they were administered to animals with standard and high-fat diets. While both polysaccharides were able to control animal body weight, TG, LDL-c, HDl-c, and total cholesterol levels, the polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates were much more effective in controlling oxidative stress parameters, such as increasing liver antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and lowering serum MDA [83].…”