Polymeric Carriers for Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by disruption of the tooth-supporting structures. Conventional drug administration pathways in periodontal disease treatment have many drawbacks such as poor biodistribution, low selectivity of the therapeutic effect, burst release of the drug, and damage to healthy cells. To overcome this limitation, controlled drug delivery systems have been developed as a potential method to address oral infectious disease ailments. The use of drug delivery devices proves to be an excellent auxiliary method in improving the quality and effectiveness in periodontitis treatment, which includes inaccessible periodontal pockets. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the applications of various polymer-based delivery systems such as hydrogels, liposomes, micro-, and nanoparticles in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. Furthermore, to present a more comprehensive understanding of the difficulties concerning the treatment of PD, a brief description of the mechanism and development of the disease is outlined.

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Their Delivery Nanosystems

“…To overcome these limitations, controlled drug delivery systems are being developed as a method of treating oral infectious diseases including periodontitis. Various polymer-based and lipid-based delivery systems are being developed such as polymer–drug conjugates, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanocapsules, nanospheres, hydrogels, and liposomes [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Influence of Materials Properties on Bio-Physical Features and Effectiveness of 3D-Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration

“…This approach may reduce several drawbacks associated with conventional oral therapies, such as limited gastro-intestinal absorption, first-passage liver effect, rapid inactivation and clearance of drugs, thus improving the patients’ compliance in response to reduced administration frequency and lower side effects [ 167 , 168 ]. Furthermore, these nanosystems have been proposed also for growth factors delivery, i.e., osteogenic factors as bone-morphogenetic protein-2, showing an improved behavior and biological effect than the ones administered in the free form [ 169 ].…”

Current status and future of delivery systems for prevention and treatment of infections in the oral cavity

“…Mucins are the primary structural components of mucus that create its viscoelastic properties as well as its protecting functions in oral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, oral candidiasis, and dental caries [40]. Topical drug delivery systems are traditionally formulated as solid dosage forms (e.g., tablets, wafers, films, fibers, and patches), liquid dosage forms (e.g., sprays and drops), and semi-solid dosage forms (e.g., gels, ointments) [41][42][43][44][45]. Conventional topical dosage forms are commonly affected by physiological factors, which can reduce the contact of the formulation with the mucosa and lead to reduced efficacy.…”