Polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation and antigen assay in HIV-1-antibody-positive mothers and their children

Scarlatti, Gabriella; Lombardi,; Plebani, A; Principi, Nicola; Vegni, C; Ferraris, G; Bucceri, A.; Em, Fenyö; Wigzell, Hans; Rossi, Paolo

doi:10.1097/00002030-199110000-00003

Cited by 83 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Viruses were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by a standard procedure (50), and coreceptor use of sequential isolates was determined (29,33). The evolutionary relationship between virus isolates of the same patients was studied by phylogenetic analysis of V3 sequences as previously described (39).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of the FC-4b chimeric receptor and the frequencies of different R5 phenotypes in different patient groups were compared by chi-square analysis. Spearman rank correlation was used to show an association between the CD4-T-cell count at the time of isolation and RANTES sensitivity (expressed as the IC 50 ). Bivariate analysis was performed with a logistic regression model by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and its associated confidence-related interval (CI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coevolution of RANTES Sensitivity and Mode of CCR5 Receptor Use by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of the R5 Phenotype

Karlsson¹,

Antonsson

Shi

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5 narrow virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5 broad(1) to R5 broad(3) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5 broad isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5 narrow isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5 broad isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4؉ -T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution of RANTES Sensitivity and Mode of CCR5 Receptor Use by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of the R5 Phenotype

Karlsson¹,

Antonsson

Shi

et al. 2004

J Virol

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“…Viruses were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) according to a standard procedure (46) and were passaged only twice in donor PBMC before coreceptor use of sequential isolates was determined (29). We studied the evolutionary relationship between virus isolates from the same patients using phylogenetic analysis of V3 sequences, as previously described (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Pathogenesis of Primary CCR5-Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Ex Vivo Human Lymphoid Tissue

Karlsson

Grivel

Chen

et al. 2005

J Virol

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In the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, CCR5-utilizing HIV type 1 (HIV-1) variants (R5), which typically transmit infection and dominate its early stages, persist in approximately half of the infected individuals (nonswitch virus patients), while in the other half (switch virus patients), viruses using CXCR4 (X4 or R5X4) emerge, leading to rapid disease progression. Here, we used a system of ex vivo tonsillar tissue to compare the pathogeneses of sequential primary R5 HIV-1 isolates from patients in these two categories. The absolute replicative capacities of HIV-1 isolates seemed to be controlled by tissue factors. In contrast, the replication level hierarchy among sequential isolates and the levels of CCR5 ؉ CD4 ؉ T-cell depletion caused by the R5 isolates seemed to be controlled by viral factors. R5 viruses isolated from nonswitch virus patients depleted more target cells than R5 viruses isolated from switch virus patients. The high depletion of CCR5؉ cells by HIV-1 isolates from nonswitch virus patients may explain the steady decline of CD4 ؉ T cells in patients with continuous dominance of R5 HIV-1. The level of R5 pathogenicity, as measured in ex vivo lymphoid tissue, may have a predictive value reflecting whether, in an infected individual, X4 HIV-1 will eventually dominate.

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“…Primary isolates were obtained by culture of PBMCs from HIV-1-infected Cameroonese women (subtype A, nonsyncytia-inducing phenotype) and from HIV-1-infected Italian mothers (subtype B, syncytia-inducing and nonsyncytia-inducing phenotypes) (64).…”

Section: Hiv-1 ϩ Pbmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory IgA Specific for a Conserved Epitope on gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein Inhibits Epithelial Transcytosis of HIV-1

Alfsen

Iniguez

Bouguyon

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

175

122

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As one of the initial mucosal transmission pathways of HIV (HIV-1), epithelial cells translocate HIV-1 from apical to basolateral surface by nondegradative transcytosis. Transcytosis is initiated when HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins bind to the epithelial cell membrane. Here we show that the transmembrane gp41 subunit of the viral envelope binds to the epithelial glycosphingolipid galactosyl ceramide (Gal Cer), an alternative receptor for HIV-1, at a site involving the conserved ELDKWA epitope. Disrupting the raft organization of the Gal Cer-containing microdomains at the apical surface inhibited HIV-1 transcytosis. Immunological studies confirmed the critical role of the conserved ELDKWA hexapeptide in HIV-1 transcytosis. Mucosal IgA, but not IgG, from seropositive subjects targeted the conserved peptide, neutralized gp41 binding to Gal Cer, and blocked HIV-1 transcytosis. These results underscore the important role of secretory IgA in designing strategies for mucosal protection against HIV-1 infection.

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Polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation and antigen assay in HIV-1-antibody-positive mothers and their children

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Coevolution of RANTES Sensitivity and Mode of CCR5 Receptor Use by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of the R5 Phenotype

Coevolution of RANTES Sensitivity and Mode of CCR5 Receptor Use by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of the R5 Phenotype

Differential Pathogenesis of Primary CCR5-Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Ex Vivo Human Lymphoid Tissue

Secretory IgA Specific for a Conserved Epitope on gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein Inhibits Epithelial Transcytosis of HIV-1

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