Polymerase chain reaction/direct sequence analysis of the cytochrome b gene in Salmo salar

The genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of 13 populations (11 from Greece, one from Albania and one from France) of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) were investigated at the mtDNA level. RFLP analysis of four segments of mitochondrial DNA (D-loop, cytochrome b and ND-5!6) amplified by PCR was used. Seven of 14 restriction endonucleases were found to detect variability in the ND-516 regions, whereas four and two out of 17 and 16 were polymorphic in the D-loop and cytochrome b, respectively. Eleven different haplotypes were observed. The observed interpopulation diversity was very high (mean = 1.65 per cent), whereas the intrapopulation diversity was low in most cases (mean =0.063 per cent). Five phylogenetic assemblages were identified. The results demonstrate that Greece is one of the regions where brown trout display very high levels of genetic diversity. Most populations were genetically very distinct, possessing private mtDNA genotypes. Therefore, they represent unique gene pools which may warrant individual recognition for conservation and management. The genetic relationships among populations suggested by mtDNA data were not in accordance with allozyme data. This study illustrates the importance of considering the historical biogeography of a species in order to understand its population genetic structure. It also reinforces the view that mtDNA analysis represents a powerful tool to study past and present demographic phenomena.

show abstract

“…(1992), Kocher et a!. (1989) as modified by McVeigh et al (1991), and Cronin et a!. (1993), respectively.…”

Section: Sample Collections and Mtdna Rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among Greek Salmo trutta L. (brown trout) populations as revealed by RFLP analysis of PCR amplified mitochondrial DNA segments

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Le potentiel de cette approche encore très récente demeure à peine exploré pour l'étude des populations de poissons (CARR et MARSHALL, 1991 ;MCVEIGH et al, 1991). BERNATCHEZ et al (1992) ont utilisé la technique de PCR et de séquençage direct pour étudier la variation génétique dans un segment variable de l'ADNmt chez les populations européennes de Salmo trutta.…”

Section: L'adn Mitochondrial éTudié Par Pcr Et Séquençageunclassified

Techniques de biologie moléculaire comme outils de gestion des pêches : bilan et perspectives

Bernatchez

1994

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RÉSUMÉLe concept de stock stipule que la diversité génétique et la structure populationnelle des espèces doivent être reconnues et préservées afin d'assurer une utilisation optimale de la ressource. Néanmoins, les programmes de gestion ont en général manqué d'objectifs clairs concernant la conservation de la diversité génétique. De plus, les chercheurs en biologie des pêches ont longtemps hésité à intégrer l'usage d'outils moléculaires dans l'étude des populations. Le résultat de cette façon de voir et de faire a mené à un retard dans le développement de l'approche génétique dans notre discipline, comparativement aux domaines médical et agricole. Dans le contexte du "Colloque franco-québécois sur l'intégration des technologies modernes à la gestion des poissons dulcicoles et amphihalins", l'objectif de cet article est d'énoncer les bénéfices possibles de l'application de techniques de biologie moléculaire en gestion des pêches. Les techniques déjà disponibles sont décrites brièvement et leur utilité est appuyée par des exemples concrets d'application. Les nouvelles approches en développement, de même que leurs domaines d'application potentielle, sont décrits. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN FISHERY MANAGEMENT :APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES. SUMMARYThe stock concept implies that genetic diversity and population structure must be considered and preserved in order to optimize the resource use. Nevertheless, management programs have generally lacked clear objectives regarding the conservation of gene pools. Furthermore, fishery biologists have often hesitated to integrate the use of molecular tools to population studies. Thèse factors led to a slow development of a genetic approach in fisheries science when compared to other fields, such as médecine and agriculture. In the context of the "Colloque franco-québécois sur l'intégration des technologies modernes à la gestion des poissons dulcicoles et amphihalins", the main objective of this paper is to state the potential benefits of integrating molecular tools to fishery management. The already available techniques are briefly described and their usefulness supported by "real life" applications. New approaches and their potential applications are also discussed.

show abstract

“…Abbreviations as in Fig. 1 CG BrG R LS BIG P HG MARSHALL 1991;EDWARDS et al 1991;IRWIN et al 1991;MCVEIGH et al 1991;KNIGHT and MINDELL 1993). The four nucleotides were equally represented at first codon positions (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imbalances in nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported from a wide variety of vertebrates: Adenine is generally over-represented and guanine generally under-represented on the light strand (e.g., AN-DERSON et al 1981, 1982 AQUADRO and GREEN-BERG 1983;ROE et al 1985;GADALETA et al 1989;KOCHER et al 1989;DESJARDINS and MORAIS 1990;ARNASON et al 1991; BARTLETT and DAVIDSON 1991;CARR and MARSHALL 1991;EDWARDS et al 1991; IRWIN et al 1991;MCVEIGH et al 1991; ARNASON and JOHNSON 1992;TZENG et al 1992). Elucidation of the causes of these biases is critical both for understanding mechanisms of molecular evolution and for improving the resolution of phylogenetic analyses (e.g., KNIGHT and MINDELL 1993).…”

Section: C6 Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome b Nucleotide Sequence Variation Among the Atlantic Alcidae

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences of the six extant species of Atlantic alcids and a gull revealed an excess of adenines and cytosines and a deficit of guanines at silent sites on the coding strand.Phylogenetic analyses grouped the sequences of the common (Uria aalge) and Briinnich's (U. lomuia) guillemots, followed by the razorbill (Alca fordo) and little auk ( M e alle). The black guillemot (Cepphw grylle) sequence formed a sister taxon, and the puffin (Fratercula arctica) fell outside the other alcids. Phylogenetic comparisons of substitutions indicated that mutabilities of bases did not differ, but that C was much more likely to be incorporated than was G. Imbalances in base composition appear to result from a strand bias in replication errors, which may result from selection on secondary RNA structure and/or the energetics of codon-anticodon interactions. V. L. Friesen, Department of Ornithology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario MSS 2C6. CanadaImbalances in nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported from a wide variety of vertebrates: Adenine is generally over-represented and guanine generally under-represented on the light strand (e.g., AN-DERSON et al. 1981, 1982 AQUADRO and GREEN-BERG 1983;ROE et al. 1985;GADALETA et al. 1989;KOCHER et al. 1989;DESJARDINS and MORAIS 1990;ARNASON et al. 1991; BARTLETT and DAVIDSON 1991;CARR and MARSHALL 1991;EDWARDS et al. 1991; IRWIN et al. 1991;MCVEIGH et al. 1991; ARNASON and JOHNSON 1992;TZENG et al. 1992). Elucidation of the causes of these biases is critical both for understanding mechanisms of molecular evolution and for improving the resolution of phylogenetic analyses (e.g., KNIGHT and MINDELL 1993). Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics may provide new insights into this bias: By mapping states (nucleotides) of variable characters (nucleotide positions) onto known phylogenies, directions of substitutions may be inferred and biases in mutation directions may be investigated (e.g., AQUADRO and GREENBERG 1983;Wu and MAEDA 1987;THOMAS and BECKENBACH 1989;KNIGHT and MINDELL 1993). The avian family Alcidae comprises a distinct assemblage of Northern Hemisphere, pursuit-diving seabirds, Phylogenetic relationships among the alcids have been examined using behaviour, morphology (STRAUCH 1985), allozymes (M. K. PECK, unpubl. data) and nuclear DNA (SIBLEY and AHLQUIST 1990). Although relationships among several species are still uncertain, associations among the Atlantic species are fairly clear. In the present paper, nucleotide sequences of part of the mitochondria1 cytochrome b gene are compared among the six extant species of Atlantic alcids to gain insight into mutational and selective forces acting on nucleotide composition. Materials and methodsMuscle or blood was collected from one specimen each of common (Uria aalge) and Briinnich's (U. lomvia) guillemots, razorbill ( A k a torda), little auk (Alle alle), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and puffin (Fratercula arctica; all sampled in Newfoundlan...

show abstract

Polymerase chain reaction/direct sequence analysis of the cytochrome b gene in Salmo salar

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among Greek Salmo trutta L. (brown trout) populations as revealed by RFLP analysis of PCR amplified mitochondrial DNA segments

Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among Greek Salmo trutta L. (brown trout) populations as revealed by RFLP analysis of PCR amplified mitochondrial DNA segments

Techniques de biologie moléculaire comme outils de gestion des pêches : bilan et perspectives

Cytochrome b Nucleotide Sequence Variation Among the Atlantic Alcidae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About