Polymerase chain reaction and nested-PCR approaches for detecting Cryptosporidium in water catchments of water treatment plants in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil

Osaki, Sílvia Cristina; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz; Costa, Adriana Oliveira; Oliveira-Silva, Márcia Benedita de; Pereira, Jonathan; Procópio, Antônio Eduardo

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0053-2013

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Usually, the cases are not properly documented as it is not an infection of obligatory notification in health services (Brazil Information System for Notifiable Diseases/Ministry of Health, Brazil). However, several studies have reported the presence of cysts and oocysts in water sources used for human supply 61 - 63 . Although the origin of these outbreaks have not yet been identified, environmental contamination in different regions of the country has been described in several types of water sources such as surface and groundwater, treated water from natural sources, natural waters from mineral sources, raw sewage and treated, hospital sewage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium with emphasis in Brazilian studies: a review

Cunha

Peralta

2019

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptosporidium spp. is a pathogenic protozoan present in the gastrointestinal tract of several hosts. This protozoan was originally classified as within the Coccidia Class and has recently been reclassified to gregarine based on studies that observed the evolutionary phases from the process of excision and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Molecular biology techniques have become diagnostic tools and have also been used to understand the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp., since several species of this genus are very similar morphologically and morphometrically. Molecular techniques have been used in the identification of parasites, at the species and subtypes levels and to study disease transmission. The laboratory diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis can be made by parasite detection methods, such as optical microscopy, antigens or genetic material detection, as well as serum antibodies raised to Cryptosporidium spp. Molecular methods were developed and allowed, not only an extensive revision of the taxonomy, but also an improvement in the laboratory diagnosis. In Brazil, there are few reports of Cryptosporidium spp. outbreaks in humans and all of them took place in nurseries. A few epidemiological studies developed in Brazil have used molecular methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., as well as genotyping studies of their species and subtypes. The use of real-time PCR, together with microscopy and immunochromatography techniques, would result in a more precise diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. The analysis of genotypes, subtypes and clonality of Cryptosporidium could be useful to understand and define the prognosis and severity of infections.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium with emphasis in Brazilian studies: a review

Cunha

Peralta

2019

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In another study, Sharafi et al examined the treatment plants in different cities of Kermanshah province and showed that all municipal WWTPs in this province were infected with parasitic infections (34,37). In Brazil and South Africa, 30.43% and 31.65% of wastewater was respectively infected with parasitic infections (36,44,75,76). One criterion for checking the quality of the WWTPs is the number of parasitic eggs per liter of wastewater, which varies across countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in removal of intestinal parasites: A review approach

Hezarjaribi

Yousefi

Esboei

2020

Environ Health Eng Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in urban areas, are potentially one of the causes of the spread and entry of parasitic pathogens into the environment and water resources. Numerous studies have been conducted on the presence of parasitic agents in the entry and effluent of WWTPs in different countries. This study was conducted to review the parasite prevalence in different WWTPs and assess their removal efficiency. Methods: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases and other sites with the ability to receive a full-text related articles, were reviewed. Various keywords such as parasites, wastewater, effluent, treatment efficiency, protozoan cysts, parasitic eggs, and similar keywords were used to search articles published from 2005 to 2019. After screening the titles and abstracts of articles, 26 articles were reviewed in this study. Results: Giardia spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Entamoeba spp, Blastocystis spp, Toxocara spp, Trichostrongylus spp, A. lumbricoides, and Hymenolepis are the most prevalent parasites. Studies show that parasitic egg hatching rates are up to 5%, in aerated lagoons, up to 99.9%, in activated sludge, and up to 5%, in ponds due to high retention time and downstream artificial reefs. Conclusion: Studies show that due to the current state of treatment plants and adverse operating and maintenance conditions, it is not possible to completely remove parasitic pathogens from these systems, therefore, it should be considered by regulatory authorities and the systems need to be improved for better performance of treatment plants and optimizing them, and training of users should also be improved. This review indicated that the types of natural constructed wetland in Kermanshah (Iran) and activated sludge of wastewater treatment processes in Iran and Brazil are most effective in removal of intestinal parasites.

show abstract

“…In China, Xiao et al (2013) found oocysts of this parasite in 86.4% of water catchment areas and Lee et al (2014) reported its prevalence in 23.1% of Malaysian rivers. In Brazil, Araújo et al (2011) described the occurrence of this parasite in 30% of the water samples collected in state of São Paulo, whereas Osaki et al (2013) found Cryptosporidium spp. in 2/4 of the water catchment systems in Curitiba, Paraná State.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system, Paraná, Southern Brazil

Almeida

Martins

Neto

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system. Samples of raw and treated water were collected and concentrated using the membrane filtration technique. Direct Immunofluorescence Test was performed on the samples. DNA extraction using a commercial kit was performed and the DNA extracted was submitted to a nested-PCR reaction (n-PCR) and sequencing. In the immunofluorescence, 2/24 (8.33%) samples of raw water were positive for Giardia spp.. In n-PCR and sequencing, 2/24 (8.33%) samples of raw water were positive for Giardia spp., and 2/24 (8.33%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp.. The sequencing showed Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis DNA. In raw water, there was moderate correlation among turbidity, color and Cryptosporidium spp. and between turbidity and Giardia spp.. The presence of these protozoans in the water indicates the need for monitoring for water-treatment companies.

show abstract

Polymerase chain reaction and nested-PCR approaches for detecting Cryptosporidium in water catchments of water treatment plants in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

New insights into the detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium with emphasis in Brazilian studies: a review

New insights into the detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium with emphasis in Brazilian studies: a review

Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in removal of intestinal parasites: A review approach

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in a public water-treatment system, Paraná, Southern Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About