Polymer-Waveguide-Based Board-Level Optical Interconnect Technology for Datacom Applications

Dangel, R.; Berger, Christoph; Beyeler, R.; Dellmann, L.; Gmur, M.; Hamelin, R.; Horst, Folkert; Lamprecht, Tobias; Morf, Thomas; Oggioni, Stefano; Spreafico, M.; Offrein, Bert Jan

doi:10.1109/tadvp.2008.2005996

Cited by 164 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, separate MEMS steering mirror chips were used and they were attached to XYZ translational stages and dynamically steered by changing the voltage applied. Conventionally, VCSEL and PIN-PD arrays operating at the same wavelength are employed in optical interconnects [5][6][7]. The same approach was adopted in our experiments because it (i) is cost-effective; (ii) eliminates the need for complex circuitry for the precise control of the wavelength of the VCSEL elements; and (iii) increases the aggregate bit rate.…”

Section: Experiments and Discussion`mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-to-Card Optical Interconnects

Wang

Nirmalathas

Lim

et al. 2012

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

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Section: Experiments and Discussion`mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of parallel short-range optical links for high-throughput interconnections has been proposed and widely studied [5][6][7]. Most of the reported optical interconnect architecture is based on polymer waveguides or multi-mode fiber ribbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-to-Card Optical Interconnects

Wang

Nirmalathas

Lim

et al. 2012

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

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“…Their bulk becomes also becomes an issue as the cable count increases. Replacing the fibers with polymer waveguides on the printed circuit board [11,16] can eliminate much of the manual assembly, fiber count and cost, just as the introduction of printed circuit boards did for electrical wiring. The chip-like transceivers for these links have already demonstrated power as low as 5pJ/bit [17].…”

Section: Optical Technologies For the Exascalementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Interconnects in Future Servers

Kash

Benner²,

Doany

et al. 2011

Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011

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Optical interconnects are common in today's petascale supercomputers, and will become pervasive at the exascale during this decade. Technologies that can meet the challenging technological and economic requirements for the exascale will be reviewed. Optics in Petascale SupercomputersIn 2008, Roadrunner[1], the first petaflop supercomputer (i.e., >10 15 floating point operations per second) was constructed. The large number of microprocessor cores in such petascale machines must be interconnected with a high capacity communications network to permit efficient computation. Higher interconnect bandwidth will generally result in more efficient use of the microprocessors in real calculations. Prior to 2005, this network used electrical interconnects in essentially all supercomputers. Communication bitrates increased beyond ~2Gb/s starting in about 2005. For distances greater than about 20m, electrical interconnects were impractical and optics began to be used for these longer rack-to-rack interconnects (e.g., ASCI Purple[2]). For cost reasons, however, the shorter rack-to-rack interconnect in this machine was still electrical. By 2008, communication bitrates had increased to 5Gb/s (InfiniBand DDR), and the practical reach of electrical interconnects was shorter. At the same time, the cost of optics had decreased. As a result, for Roadrunner, all node-to-node communication was optical. However, in these examples, all the intra-node communication was electrical. Also, the conversion to optics was at the edge of the node/rack, requiring an electrical interconnect from the chip through several levels of packaging before conversion to photons. For machines with peak performance beyond 10PF, optics will play a far more important role. For example, in the planned POWER7-IH systems [3], all the board-to-board interconnects, will be optical. A major change in the packaging tightly integrates the optics onto the chip-level package. Optical transmitter and receiver modules are placed on the same ceramic Hub (switch) Module [4,5] , with each channel using a 10Gb/s signaling rate and 8b10b coding. Projections for future supercomputersBecause microprocessor clock speeds are not rapidly increasing, supercomputing performance improvements come from larger numbers of processing cores operating in parallel. For example [7], the #1 machine on the top500 list from June, 2002 was the NEC Earth-Simulator with 5120 single core processor chips, as compared to Roadrunner which has some 97,920 cores in 12,240 Cell Broadband Engine® processor chips plus 6,562 dual-core AMD Opteron® chips [8]. This increasing core and chip count drives increasing communication bandwidth at higher bitrates.Trends for optical interconnects in future supercomputers can be extrapolated from past growth. Historically, computational power has grown approximately 10x every 4 years [7], and this growth is expected to continue. Affordable supercomputing requires that the cost and power consumption of supercomputers grow more slowly than computational power. ...

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“…While there is still considerable debate with regard to the precise role for photonics (Huang et al, 2003;Grubb et al, 2006;Tucker, 2008;Miller 2010), new power-efficient, cost-effective and broadband approaches are actively pursued. Supercomputers and data centers already deploy photonics to simplify and manage interconnection and are set to benefit from progress in parallel optical interconnects (Adamiecki et al, 2005;Buckman et al, 2004;Lemoff et al, 2004;Patel et al, 2003;Lemoff et al, 2005;Shares et al, 2006;Dangel et al, 2008). However, it is much more efficient to route the data over reconfigurable wiring, than to overprovision the optical wiring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Integrated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Switch Circuits

Williams

2011

Advances in Optical Amplifiers

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Polymer-Waveguide-Based Board-Level Optical Interconnect Technology for Datacom Applications

Cited by 164 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-to-Card Optical Interconnects

Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-to-Card Optical Interconnects

Optical Interconnects in Future Servers

Photonic Integrated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Switch Circuits

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