Polymer waste recycling over “used” catalysts

Salmiaton, A.; Garforth, Arthur; Harris, D.H.; Rawlence, David J.; Uemichi, Yoshio

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00076-7

Cited by 146 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(Ali et al, 2002). Mastral et al (2006) studied the catalytic degradation of high density polyethylene in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor at mild temperatures, between 350°C and 550°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis

Kumar

Singh

2011

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

238

117

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-Thermal degradation of waste plastics in an inert atmosphere has been regarded as a productive method, because this process can convert waste plastics into hydrocarbons that can be used either as fuels or as a source of chemicals. In this work, waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic was chosen as the material for pyrolysis. A simple pyrolysis reactor system has been used to pyrolyse waste HDPE with the objective of optimizing the liquid product yield at a temperature range of 400ºC to 550ºC. Results of pyrolysis experiments showed that, at a temperature of 450ºC and below, the major product of the pyrolysis was oily liquid which became a viscous liquid or waxy solid at temperatures above 475ºC. The yield of the liquid fraction obtained increased with the residence time for waste HDPE. The liquid fractions obtained were analyzed for composition using FTIR and GC-MS. The physical properties of the pyrolytic oil show the presence of a mixture of different fuel fractions such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel in the oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis

Kumar

Singh

2011

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

238

117

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“…A mong the various recycling methods for the waste plastics, the feedstock recycling has been found to be a promising technique. There are a lot of research [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] in progress on the pyrolysis and utilization of pyrolysis products for various applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Waste Plastic Transformation into Renewable Heavy Fuel Using Thermal Cracking

Sarker¹,

Rashid²,

Rahman³

2012

ENV

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Lo w density polyethylene (LDPE) waste plastic was transformed into heavy fuel by using fractional distillation column p rocess with liquefaction process. For experimental purpose two types of temperature profiles were used one for LDPE waste plastic liquefaction temperature and another one for fractional distillat ion column temperature. In this experiment liquefaction temperature ranges 100-420 ℃ and fract ional distillation temperature ranges 340-365 ℃. LDPE waste plastic to heavy fuel production was performed without adding any kind of catalyst in presence of oxygen and without vacuum system. Different types of analytical equip ment were used for produced fuel analysis purposed such as GC/MS, FT-IR and DSC. By using GC/MS analysis result indicates that LDPE waste plastic to produced heavy fuel hydrocarbon chain range C 5 to C 28 and light gas are also present and hydrocarbon range is C 1 -C 4 . FT-IR (Spectrum 100) analysis results indicate that produced fuel functional group has bands energy which is reflecting with calorific value. By using DSC analysis result showed produced fuel delta H value or enthalpy value. Produce fuel can be use for heavy equipment internal combustion engine or electricity generation or feed fo r feed stock refinery process.

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“…Reactions proceed following the free radical mechanism, to give complex mixture of products composed of paraffins, olefins, dienes, aromatics, et al In the case of the free radical-based reaction, the skeletal isomerization is minor one compared to the dissociation reaction. In run to improve the quality of thermally-cracked products, the secondary catalytic reforming of the cracked product had been tried to make aromatic hydrocarbons [3][4][5]. It has been well known that the reactivity of polyolefins is different for each material and is shown to be in the order PS (Polystyrene) >> PP (Polypropylene) >> PE (Polyethylene) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons is conducted in the gas phase and carbenium ions are assumed to be the active intermediate of the reaction [5,8,9]. The reaction phase is the liquid-solid system, because the plastics never vaporize due to their extreme high molecular weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Polyolefins in the Molten PhaseBasic Study for the Process Development of Waste Plastics Liquefaction

Tani¹,

Fujimoto²

2017

JESE-B

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Abstract:The cracking of polyolefins, especially polyethylene in the molten state was effectively catalyzed by the powdery spent FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalyst which was dispersed in it. The activation energy of the catalytic cracking of polyethylene was about 74 kJ/mol. The cracked product was naphtha and middle distillate as the major product and gaseous hydrocarbon (C 1 -C 4 ) as the minor product while little heavy oil was produced. The chemical compositions of the product were: aromatic hydrocarbons, isoparaffins and branched olefins, whereas that of the non-catalyzed products were: n-olefins and n-paraffins with minor amount of dienes with increasing the process time. Additionally, the product pattern shifted from naphtha rich product to kerosene and gas-oil rich product. However, any catalytic product showed low fluid point (< -10 o C), while that of the non-catalyzed product was as high as 40 o C. Catalyst could process, more than 100 times by weight of polyethylene with fairly small amount (~ 30 wt%) of coke deposition. Spent catalyst gave higher hydrocarbons while fresh catalyst gave gaseous product as the major product. Other polyolefins such as polypropylene and polystyrene were tested on same catalyst to show that their reactivity is higher than that of polyethylene and gave the aliphatic products, alkyl benzenes and C 6 -C 9 iso-paraffins as the major product. Product pattern of the cracked product suggested that the reaction proceeded via the primary reactions making paraffins and olefins which were followed by the isomerization, secondary cracking, aromatization and hydrogen transfer which based on the carbenium ion mechanism.

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Polymer waste recycling over “used” catalysts

Cited by 146 publications

References 6 publications

Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis

Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Waste Plastic Transformation into Renewable Heavy Fuel Using Thermal Cracking

Catalytic Cracking of Polyolefins in the Molten PhaseBasic Study for the Process Development of Waste Plastics Liquefaction

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