Polymer Therapeutics: Design, Application, and Pharmacokinetics

Aderibigbe, B. A.; Mukaya, Hembe Elie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52727-9.00003-0

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Similar to natural cell membranes, liposomes are self-assembled lipid-based bilayer vesicles of varying size and structural complexity [121,122]. Liposomes can incorporate a wide range of polar, non-polar and amphiphilic imaging agents or drugs, both within the aqueous core and the lipid bilayers and target specific sites in the body [121,123].…”

Section: Nanotechnology-based Approaches For Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging

et al. 2019

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Neuroimaging is a highly important field of neuroscience, with direct implications for the early diagnosis and progression monitoring of brain-associated diseases. Neuroimaging techniques are categorized into structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging, each possessing advantages and disadvantages in terms of resolution, invasiveness, toxicity of contrast agents and costs. Nanotechnology-based approaches for neuroimaging mostly involve the development of nanocarriers for incorporating contrast agents or the use of nanomaterials as imaging agents. Inorganic and organic nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, nanobodies and quantum dots are some of the most studied candidates for the delivery of contrast agents for neuroimaging. This paper focuses on describing the conventional modalities used for imaging and the applications of nanotechnology for developing novel strategies for neuroimaging. The aim is to highlight the roles of nanocarriers for enhancing and/or overcome the limitations associated with the most commonly utilized neuroimaging modalities. For future directions, several techniques that could benefit from the increased contrast induced by using imaging probes are presented.

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Section: Nanotechnology-based Approaches For Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, modification of their structures is necessary to reduce the rate of degradation. In addition, they also suffer from a limited number of functional groups suitable for drug binding [ 116 ]. Polymer drug conjugates consist of polymer backbone, linker, solubilizing unit, homing moiety, and incorporated drug ( Figure 3 a).…”

Section: Types Of Systems Used For Delivery Of Bisphosphonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drugs are loaded onto the polymers using known techniques which have been approved for therapeutic applications. Their benefits include: enhanced drug bioavailability, enhanced water solubility, reduced drug resistance, non-antigenic, reduced drug toxicity, prolonged plasma half-life which results in reduced kidney clearance, non-immunogenicity, protection of drugs from degradation by inhibiting enzymes, versatile applications in multiple-drug delivery, ability to accumulate in specific organs, tissues or cells by improving the effect of retention and permeability [ 116 ]. On the other hand, biodegradable synthetic polymers have become more attractive alternatives due to [ 118 ]: (i) variety in material properties and if properly designed; there is possibility of further modifications without altering material bulk properties (ii) the synthetic polymer structure is easily controlled; and (iii) biomimetic synthetic polymers usually exhibit drug delivery efficacy and biocompatibility.…”

Section: Types Of Systems Used For Delivery Of Bisphosphonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liposomes exhibit an extremely flexible scaffold and their structural complexity affords a range of polar, non-polar and amphipathic drugs to be encapsulated ( Table 6 ) [ 116 ]. A key factor in assessing liposomes’ circulatory half-lives is the vesicle size.…”

Section: Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits and drawbacks of liposome drug carriers are influenced by the physicochemical and colloidal characteristics such as the makeup, size, their natural signaling through the cell casings, stability and incorporation efficiency [ 182 ]. It is significant to note that coated liposome surfaces consisting a steric stabilization layer of a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol may reduce cell uptake of the reticulo-endothelial system which consequently leads to extended circulation times compared to uncoated liposomes [ 116 ]. There are two drawbacks identified with the coated liposomes: it has been suggested that there is a high risk of accumulation of the polymer, which may cause impairment of cell on a long term basis because coated liposomes are not degradable by enzymes in mammals after cellular uptake [ 183 ].…”

Section: Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Biological Evaluation of Delivery Systems Containing Bisphosphonates

Aderibigbe

Popoola

2016

Pharmaceutics

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Bisphosphonates have found application in the treatment of reoccurrence of bone diseases, breast cancer, etc. They have also been found to exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer and antimalarial activities. However, they suffer from pharmacological deficiencies such as toxicity, poor bioavailability and low intestinal adsorption. These shortcomings have resulted in several researchers developing delivery systems that can enhance their overall therapeutic effectiveness. This review provides a detailed overview of the published studies on delivery systems designed for the delivery of bisphosphonates and the corresponding in vitro/in vivo results.

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Bioactive Synthetic Polymers

et al. 2021

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Progress in these arenas has been driven by the discovery of inert, biocompatible polymers to provide the desired function without eliciting undesirable responses from the host environment. While concerns regarding the fate of these materials have led to an ongoing hunt for bioresorbable materials, it is important to note that synthetic polymers have been reported to elicit a biological response on their own. [2j,5] While the biological response is often toxic in nature and therefore undesirable for many applications, it poses a question: can the intrinsic bioactivity of synthetic polymers be harnessed for therapeutic interventions? This idea of intrinsic bioactivity is distinct from the long history of work pertaining to the use of synthetic polymers within biomedical settings. Polymers have indeed been extensively explored and continue to be investigated as (nano)carriers facilitating the delivery of bioactive payloads; in the majority of cases, the (nano)carrier bereft of its cargo is presented to provide little to no effect, demonstrating its role as an ideal delivery vehicle. [6] Polymers with intrinsic bioactivity diverge from this well-known concept by inducing biological change (i.e., bioactivity) by themselves in the absence of any conjugated or encapsulated species. [7] Interestingly, this previously posed question generated significant interest prior to the advent of drug-delivery approaches. [8] Among these early studies, a synthetic polymer, designated DIVEMA, garnered significant attention for its presentation of an outstanding breadth of bioactivity. [9] DIVEMA is a copolymer of divinyl ether (DVE) and maleic anhydride (MA) in a 1:2 ratio, with its proposed cyclopolymerization mechanism affording an in-chain pyran which consequently caused it to be more prominently known as Pyran copolymer. A hydrolyzed and neutralized version received the designation NSC 46015 and was approved for experimental clinical evaluation due to its antitumor activity against several cancers, including Adenocarcinoma 755, Lewis lung carcinoma, and Dunning ascites leukemia. [10] Moreover, its ability to induce interferon expression led to its evaluation against several viruses and reports of prophylactic action in murine models. DIVEMA has also demon strated antimicrobial activity against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Despite this wide-ranging bioactivity, DIVEMA also presented a number of toxic side effects, the summation of which was not favorable for clinical use. Such side effects were common to many of the investigated synthetic polymers of the time and their failure in clinical trials is reflected in an absence of such therapeutic interventions as approved medicines.Synthetic polymers are omnipresent in society as textiles and packaging materials, in construction and medicine, among many other important applications. Alternatively, natural polymers play a crucial role in sustaining life and allowing organisms to adapt to their environments by performing key biological functions such as m...

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Polymer Therapeutics: Design, Application, and Pharmacokinetics

Cited by 13 publications

References 106 publications

Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging

Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging

Design and Biological Evaluation of Delivery Systems Containing Bisphosphonates

Bioactive Synthetic Polymers

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