Polymer stabilization: present status and possible future trends

Abstract

Stabilization of polymer material continues to be an important technical field with lot of industrial and scientific attention. Future developments in the field of polymer stabilization need to reflect the corresponding economical requirements. However, ecological requirements start to play increasingly important role in development of stabilization packages for polymers. Present theoretical understanding of polymer degradation and stabilization principles does not yet sufficiently cover the full chemical and physical complexity of polymer stabilization, and therefore it can be expected that most of new developed stabilizers and stabilization systems in near future would be still based on accumulated practical experience and existing empirical know-how.

DFT investigations on the interaction of oxygen reduction reaction intermediates with Au (100) and bimetallic Au/M (100) (M = Pt, Cu, and Fe) surfaces

“…If, for any reason, the antioxidant is not injected into the polymer, the product is dark brown after a short time and its physical and mechanical properties are practically altered. The reason for this is the destruction of the polymer by oxidation and the change of nature [9,10]. Even a simple monophosphate antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) may also reduce the antioxidant activity and create a quinone system, which can act as a color agent in the polymer [11][12][13].…”

Effect of different additives and their mixtures on thermal stability of polyethylene synthesized using iron and titanocene hybrid catalysts

“…The presence of additives can also disturb monomer recovery process. Because of these technical problems which are not favorable from an industrial point of view, in recent years, few investigations have been reported on the use of antioxidants in the polymerization of propylene, and their effect and chemical structures on the activity of catalyst and properties of the final products. Antioxidants are categorized into primary and secondary classes.…”

Polymer Degradation and the Matching of FR Chemistry to Degradation

“…Scheme IV shows schematically how a combination of primary and secondary antioxidants functions in a polyolefin matrix [70]. Some metal chelate scavengers may also be based on a tertiary phenolic structure thereby introducing two antioxidant properties into the same molecule.…”

“…where R'. PO3 is an organophosphite, for example tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite or Irgafos 168, Ciba (see Table 6) Scheme IV: Combined stabilizing activity of primary and secondary antioxidants [70].…”