Polymer-specific dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of seven polymers in Europe from 1950 to 2016

Kawecki, Delphine; Wu, Qie; Gonçalves, João S. V.; Nowack, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105733

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The present study used the DPMFA Python package originally developed by Bornhöft and colleagues, which subsequent studies improved , to account for temporal variations of production volumes and transfer coefficients. The present work performed an exposure assessment of graphene, multilayer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene nanosheets, graphene nanoribbons, and graphite nanoplatelets, sheets, and flakes, and we modeled flows of these materials across the European Union (EU-27), Switzerland, Norway, and the United Kingdom from 2004 to 2030.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model required a variety of transfer coefficients, including release schedules and their post-use allocations and the proportions of those allocations. As most of the transfer coefficients were product-category-dependent, they were taken from previous DPMFA models. − This is reasonable as most release processes are not specific to one nanomaterial but just depend on the release process and the matrix . One unique application of GBMs is as a drilling fluid additive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gottschalk and colleagues were the first to fully incorporate probabilistic aspects into MFA, creating probabilistic material flow analysis (PMFA) . Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis (DPMFA) was developed to consider the dynamics of the production volumes of materials and/or their transfer coefficients. − DPMFA has been used to predict future flows of nanomaterials, e.g., by considering different future use scenarios or by modeling flows of novel materials, such as nanocellulose with high expected production growth rates …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Dynamic and Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Graphene-Based Materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030

Hong

Part

Nowack

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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As industrial demand for graphene-based materials (GBMs) grows, more attention falls on potential environmental risks. The present article describes a first assessment of the environmental releases of GBMs using dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis. The model considered all current or expected uses of GBMs from 2004 to 2030, during which time there have already been significant changes in how the graphene mass produced is distributed to different product categories. Although the volume of GBM production is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, outflow from the consumption of products containing GBMs shows only a slightly positive trend due to their long lifetimes and the large in-use stock of some applications (e.g., GBM composites used in wind turbine blades). From consumption and end-of-life phase GBM mass flows in 2030, estimates suggest that more than 50% will be incinerated and oxidized in waste plants, 16% will be landfilled, 12% will be exported out of Europe, and 1.4% of the annual production will flow to the environment. Predicted release concentrations for 2030 are 1.4 ng/L in surface water and 20 μg/kg in sludge-treated soil. This study’s results could be used for prospective environmental risk assessments and as input for environmental fate models.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Dynamic and Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Graphene-Based Materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030

Hong

Part

Nowack

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The model developed in this study was based on the generic material flow analysis. This approach has been applied to analyze stock changes and flow dynamics of elements, such a phosphate (Ma et al., 2012), aluminum (Li et al., 2021), and lead (Kral et al., 2014), substances, such as glass (Westbroek et al., 2021), polyethylene, polypropylene, and other polymers (Kawecki et al., 2021), and goods, such as e‐waste (Ismail & Hanafiah, 2021) and tiers (Sieber et al., 2020). Adopted material flow analyses were used to estimate resource demand and waste generation of housing stocks, project construction waste, and explore the built environment metabolism.…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Material flow analysis study of asphalt in an Austrian municipality

Großegger

2022

J of Industrial Ecology

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The large quantity and long service time of construction has a crucial impact on the flow of resources during construction, maintenance, and at the end of life. Reducing waste disposal and increasing recycling rates consequently reduce the consumption of primary raw materials. Hence, through material flow and stock analysis, material consumption, waste generation, and waste utilization can be quantified. Previous research on the material turnover in the transportation infrastructure sector focused on well‐developed cities or countries and showed that maintenance has an increasing contribution to the material input and output. The present study investigated the anthropogenic flows and stocks of asphalt in the road network of an Austrian municipality. The material flow analysis was based on detailed construction reports, regional expert estimations, simulations, and literature. The retrospective analysis from 2006 to 2020 revealed that the asphalt stock of the municipality is constantly increasing through semierratic input and output flows of asphalt. Maintenance of the road network through reconstruction made a major contribution to the stock increase due to improving the road layout. Asphalt outputs of the municipality are reclaimed asphalt, excess asphalt during construction, and asphalt dispersed from the road due to deterioration. The flow into the environment is often neglected but diminishes the potential recycling amount, contributes to dust pollution, and is a source of microplastic. Reclaimed asphalt was not utilized in new asphalt mixtures in the municipality, as it was downcycled and applied as granular material. Several factors, including regional circumstances, were identified for downcycling. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

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“…For EPS and PVC, the fraction contained in the in-use stock was 51% and 39% of the total production. Landfills constitute the major repository of LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, and PET (48–60%) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Plastic Waste Generation and Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Waste Degradation in Landfill Conditions: The Problem with Microplastics, and Their Direct and Indirect Environmental Effects

Wojnowska‐Baryła

Bernat

Zaborowska

2022

IJERPH

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As landfilling is a common method for utilizing plastic waste at its end-of-life, it is important to present knowledge about the environmental and technical complications encountered during plastic disposal, and the formation and spread of microplastics (MPs) from landfills, to better understand the direct and indirect effects of MPs on pollution. Plastic waste around active and former landfills remains a source of MPs. The landfill output consists of leachate and gases created by combined biological, chemical, and physical processes. Thus, small particles and/or fibers, including MPs, are transported to the surroundings by air and by leachate. In this study, a special focus was given to the potential for the migration and release of toxic substances as the aging of plastic debris leads to the release of harmful volatile organic compounds via oxidative photodegradation. MPs are generally seen as the key vehicles and accumulators of non-biodegradable pollutants. Because of their small size, MPs are quickly transported over long distances throughout their surroundings. With large specific surface areas, they have the ability to absorb pollutants, and plastic monomers and additives can be leached out of MPs; thus, they can act as both vectors and carriers of pollutants in the environment.

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Polymer-specific dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of seven polymers in Europe from 1950 to 2016

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Prospective Dynamic and Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Graphene-Based Materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030

Prospective Dynamic and Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Graphene-Based Materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030

Material flow analysis study of asphalt in an Austrian municipality

Plastic Waste Degradation in Landfill Conditions: The Problem with Microplastics, and Their Direct and Indirect Environmental Effects

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