Polymer solar cells based on a PEDOT:PSS layer spin-coated under the action of an electric field

Abstract

Feng Zhi-Hui(冯志慧) a) , Hou Yan-Bing(侯延冰) a) † , Shi Quan-Min(师全民) a) , Qin Li-Fang(秦丽芳) a) , Li Yan(李 妍) a) , Zhang Lei(张 磊) a) , Liu Xiao-Jun(刘小君) a) , Teng Feng(腾 枫) a) , Wang Yong-Sheng(王永生) a) , and Xia Rui-Dong(夏瑞东) b)

Effect of electric field on the spray deposited poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) layer and its use in organic solar cell

“…Since the conductivity is mainly because of PEDOT, 7 several approaches for enhancement of the PEDOT to PSS ratio in the deposited film (which in turn results in the conductivity enhancement) are reported. These include mixing with organic solvents, [8][9][10] application of electric field during spin coating, 11 salt or acid treatment, 12 and thermal annealing. 7 The PSS content is reduced, when spin coating of PEDOT: PSS is done under the action of electric field, which results in the enhancement of film conductivity as well as organic solar cell performance.…”

“…7 The PSS content is reduced, when spin coating of PEDOT: PSS is done under the action of electric field, which results in the enhancement of film conductivity as well as organic solar cell performance. 11 It is reported that conductivity of PEDOT:PSS get enhanced by the addition of DMSO, DMF, TMS, aqueous solution of zwitterions, etc., because of the screening effect between PEDOT and PSS chains. [13][14][15] The reorientation of PEDOT chains are also reported by the addition of solid sorbitol, which results in the conductivity enhancement.…”

Improvement of morphological and electrical properties in poly (3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) Films Formed by Thermal Annealing in the presence of electric field during the solvent drying step

“…Spin coating of polymers, such as MEH-PPV, PEDOT:PSS, etc. under a static electric field is also reported by some research groups [3,4]. Zhao et al applied a high AC electric field with ultralow frequency to orient P3HT polymers in P3HT:PCBM blend active layer immediately after the spin coating [5].…”

“…Increased electrical carrier mobility in organic semiconductors is known to build higher efficiency solar cells. Recently several research groups have applied electric field at various stages of devices fabrication to orient the polar molecules in order to have improved charge mobility [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Some research groups have applied reverse bias across the fully fabricated devices during post-production thermal annealing [1,2].…”

Elongated Nanodomains and Molecular Intermixing Induced Doping in Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers with Electric Field Treatment

“…Various types of the electric field treatments have been reported in literature. The early research with DC electric field treatment was done at spin-coating stage or not at an elevated temperature (room temperature drying) [23][24][25]. It was pointed out that the DC electric field postproduction treatment needs to be at elevated temperature to be effective [11,26,27].…”