Polymer science and materials, A. V. Tobolsky and H. F. Mark, Eds., Wiley‐Interscience, a Division of John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1971. 404 pp. $21.50

Billmeyer, Fred W.

doi:10.1002/pol.1972.110100620

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…= 135.4 °C) was seen. The lack of a T g was indicative of a highly crystalline material possessing a low amorphous content [ 35 ]. Kharas et al [ 32 ] indicated the presence of glass transitions for fumarate UPEs (−6 to 23 °C) although all the diols used in Kharas’ study were non-linear (e.g., 1,2-propanediol) and thus more likely to yield amorphous regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Various Bio-Derived Platform Molecules

Farmer

Castle

Clark

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Utilisation of bio-derived platform molecules in polymer synthesis has advantages which are, broadly, twofold; to digress from crude oil dependence of the polymer industry and secondly to reduce the environmental impact of the polymer synthesis through the inherent functionality of the bio-derived platform molecules. Bulk polymerisation of bio-derived unsaturated di-acids has been employed to produce unsaturated polyester (UPEs) which have been analysed by GPC, TGA, DSC and NMR spectroscopy, advancing on the analysis previously reported. UPEs from the diesters of itaconic, succinic, and fumaric acids were successfully synthesised with various diols and polyols to afford resins of MN 480–477,000 and Tg of −30.1 to −16.6 °C with solubilities differing based on starting monomers. This range of properties allows for many applications and importantly due to the surviving Michael acceptor moieties, solubility and cross-linking can be specifically tailored, post polymerisation, to the desired function. An improved synthesis of itaconate and succinate co-polymers, via the initial formation of an itaconate bis-diol, is also demonstrated for the first time, resulting in significantly improved itaconate incorporation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Various Bio-Derived Platform Molecules

Farmer

Castle

Clark

et al. 2015

IJMS

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“…Polymer VA is widely used in the production of emulsion binder of water-based emulsion paints ( 14 ). However, the Tg of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is 29°C, therefore it is often copolymerized with EA to obtain a softer composition for use as emulsion ( 15 ). Since lower acrylate polymers like EA have Tg below room temperature, they are typically soft and rubbery, hence a small amount of MMA was added to impart strength and hardness to the polymer film ( 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deltamethrin Microencapsulation in Emulsion Paint Binder and Its Long-Term Efficacy Against Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti

Acharya

Ahirwar

Dhiman

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Various control interventions have been effective in the control of arthropod vectors to a certain extent; still, sustained vector control is an existing problem globally. Insecticide-based formulations have been found to be useful, however the proper delivery of active molecules to target vectors is important. Currently, synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin (DM) has been microencapsulated in the emulsion paint binder and evaluated for long-term effectiveness against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Different compositions of emulsion binder were prepared by varying the content of monomer and DM. A selection was made for the composition yielding the best combination of properties like solid content, intrinsic viscosity, and DM content. Developed formulation was tested against laboratory-reared and pathogen-free Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Encapsulation of DM in emulsion binder during polymerization showed a uniform distribution. The optimized formulation was stable and did not have a considerable plasticizing effect. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that grain-like micro crystals of DM and surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) were uniformly distributed on the formulation surface. The best optimized formulation was highly effective against dengue vector Ae. aegypti and found to provide efficacy for up to 18 months of application. The knockdown time (KDT) values KDT10 and KDT50 were 7.4 min (95% CI: 5.6–9.1) and 22.1 min (95% CI: 19.7–24.3) respectively, whereas 24 h corrected mortality was 90% (95% CI: 82.5–97.5) after 18 months of application (T18). The probit model used to determine knockdown values did not deviate from the linearity and displayed normal distribution of knockdown % with time for different formulations (p ≥ 0.1). Presently developed DM microencapsulated emulsion binder was stable, smooth, and uniform. The binder displayed excellent anti-insect property and was capable of providing long-term effectiveness against dengue vectors Ae. aegypti. Such a formulation after field-scale evaluation could be very useful in attaining long-term protection from arthropod vectors.

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“…Some materials are fragile and break easily. To strengthen them they are polymerized and crosslinked with other polymers [15,16]. Combination of the two polymers can be prepared in the form of blends, copolymers and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) or interpenetrated hydrogels (IPHs).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli-Responsive Systems in Optical Humidity-Detection Devices

2019

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The use of electronic devices to measure Relative Humidity (RH) is widespread. However, under certain circumstances, for example when explosive gases are present, a spark-free method should be used. Here we suggest the use of stimuli-responsive materials, like gelatin and interpenetrated polymers, to detect RH with an optical method. These materials are hydrophilic. When water vapor is absorbed by the films the molecules attach to the films molecular network. The result is that the film thickness increases and their refractive index changes. To detect the change of these two parameters an optical method based on diffraction gratings is employed. Surface diffraction gratings are recorded on the films. Then gratings are placed in an optical configuration that is immersed in a climatic chamber. A light beam is sent to the grating where it is diffracted. Several light orders appear. Due to the absorption of water molecules the films swell and grating surface modulation changes. This implies that the diffracted orders intensity changes. A calibrating plot relating intensity as a function of RH is obtained.

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Polymer science and materials, A. V. Tobolsky and H. F. Mark, Eds., Wiley‐Interscience, a Division of John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1971. 404 pp. $21.50

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Various Bio-Derived Platform Molecules

Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Various Bio-Derived Platform Molecules

Deltamethrin Microencapsulation in Emulsion Paint Binder and Its Long-Term Efficacy Against Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti

Stimuli-Responsive Systems in Optical Humidity-Detection Devices

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